04.09.2011 в 10:03

Пишет  Ice Truck Killer:

@темы: #милота

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21.04.2012 в 23:03

Пишет  Im SherLOCKED:

so much win xD

Once you reach your 6th Year in Hogwarts, you start to get used to all the shit. (с)

@темы: #веселуха

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20.07.2012 в 21:12

Пишет  RatBatBlue:

The blue cafe

Oh my love my darling
I've hungered for your touch
A long lonely time
And time goes by so slowly
And time can do so much
Are you still mine
I need your love
I need your love
God speed your love to me

@темы: #фанфикшен

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25.10.2009 в 21:49

Пишет  Moonticore:

Лисички)
Пять замечательных плоских лис!
В этом возрасте все лисята одинаковы. С возрастом они будут менее похожими друг на друга.)















Как обычно, копируем код и тащим к себе) По идее, не больше двух, но если очень хочется... ^_-

@темы: #милота

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27.03.2010 в 15:14

Пишет  Crisl:

Сеть

21.09.2009 в 00:26

Пишет  _Кей_:

Сказки чужого фэндома 30 - знаете ли вы?..
Типа йубилейный выпуск, и я затыкаюсь как минимум на рабочую неделю.

Знаете ли вы, что первый слэшный фанфик был написан в 1974 году в фэндоме Стар Трека?

Это был "A Fragment Out of Time" авторства Diane Marchant, представлял собой он "вырезанную сцену" без имен, а только лишь с местоимениями, зато авторские иллюстрации ясно обозначали пейринг - Кирк/Спок. Фанфик был опубликован в фэнзине Grup (№3 за сентябрь 1974, Carrie B., ed.), и из-за малого тиража фэнзина и его ориентированности на взрослую аудиторию долгое время был известен единицам. До 1980-го года Стар Трек был фактически единственным слэшным фэндомом, а Кирк/Спок - единственным слэшным пейрингом, пока в марте 1980-го не пришли британцы и не написали "Forever Autumn" (авторы - Sue M. and Sue S., прекрасные имена, по-моему) по сериалу "Starsky and Hutch". (источник)

Знаете ли вы, что термин PWP придумали в 1989 году в фэндоме Blake's 7?

В мае-июле 1989 года "The Federation archives" в рамках обзора событий в фэндоме Blake's 7 так охарактеризовал слэшные фэнзины "OBLAQUE" и "OBLAQUER": "Редакторы придумали новый жанр - PWP. Означает: "Сюжет? Какой сюжет?". В ноябре 1989 года в тринадцатом номере "On the double" в аннотации, посвященной "OBLAQUEST", была такая фраза: "Множество историй по пятому сезону и, для разнообразия, несколько PWP". (источник)

Знаете ли вы, что первое сообщество обзоров возникло в июле 2002 года в англоязычном фэндоме Due South?

Ссылки за день собирались не в одном посте, а по одной ссылке на пост, и, разумеется, вели не столько на блоги, сколько на архивы. Формат знаком нам всем: "Х написала фанфик с пейрингом RayK/Turnbull (ссылка)". Последняя запись в сообществе приходится на август 2004 года, но ЖЖ живуч - вот он, кусочек фэндомской истории.

Знаете ли вы, что изначально фанартистом называли художника, рисующего в определенном жанре из любви к этому жанру, а не по работе?

Объяснение этому довольно простое - художник рисовал "арт" в том жанре, "фэном" которого он был, отсюда и "фанарт", и "фанартист". В принципе, это мог быть совершенно любой жанр, однако художники обычно отдавали предпочтение НФ или фэнтези. Фанарт в нынешнем понимании возник, разумеется, в фэндоме Стар Трека в 1960-х годах, однако долгое время существовал лишь в формате обложек для фэнзинов, не более. Активному продвижению фанарта поспособствовало аниме, пришедшее в глобальный фэндом в 1980-х годах. Многие медиа-фэны даже позаимствовали азиатскую традицию рисовать додзинси - и стали активно радовать фэндом комиксами по сериалам. (источник)

Знаете ли вы, что первыми РПС, более-менее активно публикующимися в фэнзинах, стали тексты об участниках группы Led Zeppelin?

Первый РПС был написан в конце 1970-х в фэндоме "Стар Трека", а чуть позже ряды РПСников поволнили фэны "Blake's 7" и "The Professionals". Однако РПС-тексты по понятным причинам крайне редко печатались в фэнзинах, и исключение при этом составляли только полу-РПС - фики, где актеры и персонажи встречались. Параллельно и совершенно отдельно от медиа-фэндома развивались сообщества поклонников Moody Blues и Beatles. Однако настоящий прорыв в РПС устроили именно любительницы Led Zeppelin, пришедшие из медиа-фэндома и хорошо знакомые с тамошними гонениями на РПС. В 1978 году соавторам Нэнси Арена и Пэм Роуз пришла в голову отличная идея - они написали РПС, но имена Роберта Планта и Джимми Пейджа заменили на Триса и Алекса - после чего успешно опубликовали в фэнзинах несколько небольших текстов и целый роман "For All the Gods Departed", поскольку распознать нужных лиц за этими именами фанаты могли без труда. Другими "псевдонимами", призванными замаскировать РПС, были Дерек Куинн и Эллин Стерлинг - прочие фанаты быстро подхватили волну и практически вывели РПС в печать. (источник)

Знаете ли вы, что несмотря на явно большую популярность слэша, самый распространенный тройничок во всех фэндомах - это не М/М/М, а М/М/Ж?

Дело в том, что, помимо появления потенциально М/М/Жшных фэндомов (ГП - Гарри, Рон, Гермиона, Пираты Каррибского моря - Джек, Уилл, Элизабет и т.д.), очень мощный вклад в дело распространения М/М/Ж вносят любительницы Мери-Сью, предпочитающие захомутать сразу двух любимых персонажей вместо скромного одного. (источник номер один, источник номер два)

Знаете ли вы, что слово "драббл" впервые было упомянуто в монтипайтоновской "Big Red Book" 1971-го года издания?

Цитата из книги: "Драббл - словесная игра с количеством игроков от двух до четырех. Игроки усаживаются в ряд. Выигрывает тот, кто первым напишет роман". Понятно, что в таком случае роман должен быть довольно коротким - и при этом законченным. Знакомо, правда? Примечательно, что третий из изданных сборников драбблов назывался "Drabble Who?" и тематика у него была соответствующая - вселенная "Доктор Кто". Год издания - 1993-й. (источник)

@темы: #фанфикшен

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Британские ругательства

Оригинал On the finer points of English swearing

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English is a fantastic language - we've got a specific word for everything, and that includes swearing and insults. But I see a lot of the same swearwords getting used over and over again in Merlin fic, and I bleed for my mother tongue, Merlin fans. I bleed. So here's a glossary of some common British insults and slang, all their rich contextual glory. Irish, Scottish or Welsh people will know and use all of these, but especially in Scotland and Ireland there'll be local slang as well - Britain has a hell of a lot of regional variation in slang and accents, and you can always tell where someone's from when they get pissed off. But it's a start. And help me out here, Brits - if you see one I've missed, post a definition in comments

ETA: What a fantastic response! I've lost track of who to credit for what %-/ I've fixed the ass/arse confusion, added a few new ones. Now, come on people, let's have some more erection synonyms!

ETA 2: Some interesting points coming up in comments that things have different meanings if you're under thirty. I'm not, so go figure - I'll try to make notes where people are saying it makes a difference...

GREAT BIG AUTHOR'S NOTE: Wow - guys, I'm delighted this has obviously touched such a nerve and that you're all enjoying it so much, but at 220 comments and climbing (as of April 16th, 16:38 BST), this post is taking over my life! In the absence of my own PR person to cope with all the comment mails, I'm declaring editing runs on the dictionary closed for the present, since we've got a pretty handy little glossary by now and a brilliant slice of context in the comments. By all means feel free to carry on commenting, but please don't be offended if I don't manage a personal response! Thanks again to all of you. You've made this a fantastic resource!

Other resources:
www.peevish.co.uk/slang/
www.independent.co.uk/news/teen-slang-tears-int...


arse Backside. Bum. Brits don't use "ass" to mean bum. "I love having a prick up my arse, except when I'm doing thirty miles an hour over the limit and he's driving the police car." Bum is a bit more Northern, it's Southerners who say arse. Will would say bum, Arthur would say arse, Merlin would look adorably confused

Arse about Arsing about is synonymous with messing around or mucking about; the kind of thing teenagers think is entertaining play, and adults would like them to stop doing please. Arsing around with something is fiddling or faffing with it; trying to make it work or build it, for example. "What you up to?" "Arsing around with my bike. The gears are fucked."

arsed "I can't be arsed" means "I can't be bothered".

arsehole Inconsiderate, usually. My partner describes leaving his car skewed across two spaces (or three feet out from the kerb) as "parking like an arsehole". Used of a person it means someone who's just generally unpleasant. "I thought you said the other place was cheaper?" "Yeah, but the owner's a sexist arsehole." Not particularly popular with gay men.

ass Donkey, literally. Means someone stupid, commonly in the phrase "You silly ass". Making an ass of yourself is making a fool of yourself, especially if you're a 1930s grammar school boy.

bastard Sometimes bastard is a synonym for "bloke", as in "fat bastard" or "ugly bastard", but when used directly as an insult it means someone cold and ruthless, especially someone who pisses women about. It's also a term of envy or grudging respect, eg. "lucky bastard"; you might use it for a man who appears to be cold, ruthless and very much in charge. Uther's a bit of a bastard, in that way that makes older fangirls' knees go weak.

balls Testicles. It's sometimes used as a relatively mild expletive, as in "Oh balls".

bint A woman. Comes from the Arabic for "girl" or "daughter" - it started its life as army slang. () Bints are always dozy, stupid, low-class or otherwise undesirable; you might call a dumb blonde a bint, but a posh woman would be a bitch.

bollocks Slang for the testicles, and the single best way to express contempt in the English language. You'll frequently hear "This is a load of bollocks" or "Bollocks to this" (as in "fuck this for a lark"). "Bollocks!" as an interjection means "I don't believe you!" except when it means the same thing as "Oh fuck". You might also tell someone "Don't talk bollocks!" when they were spouting crap. Or, of course, sit around talking bollocks with your friends. Note, however, that if something is "the dog's bollocks", it's really good. "A right bollocking" is a telling-off. Via and Wikipedia.

bollocks up To completely and utterly make a mess of something or some task. "I've bollocksed up my ledgers and have to do them again", or Merlin might talk of bollocksing up a spell. Variant: "bollox up". Via .

bleeding A modifier used in much the same way as the legendary "bloody". "Bleeding hell, what's that?" or "The bleeding thing won't start". ()

bloke The British word for "guy". Fat bloke, ugly bloke, some bloke, that bloke, "I hate my life, I haven't got a bloke". You sometimes hear "feller" (fellow), as well.

bloody The only English swearword anyone from any other country seems to know. Over here, it's not nearly so common as it is in fanfic - it most often turns up in "Bloody hell", which may mean anything from "Wow" through "Oh shit" to "You poor bastard, let me express my unconditional support". (NB the latter meaning is almost exclusive to the uniquely repressed creatures that are British men). A "bloody thing" is an object that isn't doing what you want it to, and a situation might well be "bloody ridiculous". Terry Pratchett, of course, immortalised this in law in Ankh-Morpork's Being Bloody Stupid Act. If only...

bonk To have sex with. This one's a bit like 'nookie' - it's amusing and kind of old-fashioned, but people use it anyway. "Liking him and bonking him are two different things, OK?" ()

bugger Comes from "Bulgar", via Latin and Medieval French, and was a term for a bunch of Bulgarian heretics who, being the enemy, of course all practised sodomy. Given the meaning, you won't often hear gay men saying this; it's uniquely English and it's still a term of affection in many areas ("Daft bugger"), but it's less and less politically correct as a swearword, and you don't hear it on TV as much as you do in real life. "Some bugger" means "some bloke"; to bugger is to sodomise, or more metaphorically to break something. You might accidentally bugger your computer, or bugger something up while trying to fix it. "It's buggered" is a succinct way of saying something doesn't work. You can also bugger about with things, which is messing with them. Playing silly buggers is similar to pissing about, since you can "play silly buggers" with things too. "Bugger off!" means "Get lost!", and "Oh bugger" is much like "Oh fuck".

bugger all Nothing. Syn. "sod all", "fuck all". "What are you doing this weekend? "As much bugger-all as I can conceivably cram in." ()

cane If something canes it hurts, but if you're "caning it" you're going fast. The cane is, of course, the legendary weapon of boarding-school teachers of old, before corporal punishment was removed from British schools!

chav There's been so much discussion about this one I'm giving it its own entry. Chav may originate from the Romani language, according to Wikipedia (almost certainly from the word chavi for child, according to this chap; the synonymous term charver exists and is used on north-east England, but is also the Romani word for prostitute). One commenter suggests it originates from the Newcastle area; there are many other regional synonyms for chav, including spides (Northern Ireland), nebs, kevs, bazzas, schemies, scallies (Manchester and Liverpool area) and about eleventy billion more. The social definition of chavdom is a slippery thing, and there is no true equivalent in American culture; they're not rednecks, hillbillies, hicks, gangstas or ghetto kids. They do bear a passing physical resemblance to the gangsta-ghetto nexus of American style, because gangsta rap and the more diluted forms of black American culture apparent in r'n'b have a big influence. Chavs are an urban underclass who are poor and may be of any race (but are very often white, since black British culture has retained a stronger sense of family values than its white counterpart). They have a characteristic mode of dress; Google Images will help you there. They are badly behaved; petty criminality, breathtaking rudeness and arrogance, aggression and an abject lack of anything resembling social skills. They infest town centres on any evening you care to choose (but are worst at weekends); they drink whatever's cheap, and start fights. They like to drive chavvy cars (see below). They are likely to come from the kind of social background brutally and accurately summarised in this article; bluntly, they are the victims of a culture created by some of Britain's greatest social mistakes.

chavvy Tacky. Naff. Utterly lacking in class. Chavs are people who chav up their cars and drive around the market square in shitty English towns on Friday nights, blasting loud music out of their knocked-off (ie. stolen) stereos.

cow Derogatory term for a woman. Your boss, your ex's new bird, or whoever got those shoes you wanted first. If you don't have a specific axe to grind, a cow is someone who's bitchy or nasty for no reason.

crap See shit.

cunt (Edited based on the comments) If you put enough force and attitude behind it cunt is pretty offensive, but it's another one of those two-sided insults - you can also use it affectionately among friends, or use it about yourself. It basically means the same as arsehole: someone obnoxious and unpleasant. Your boss when he makes you work weekends, or the traffic warden who gave you a parking ticket. (Examples via ). It's unisex to younger people, but to older people cunts are always men. Yes, feminists hate it, and it's very entrenched among average people over here, especially in the older generations. (Apparently it's less offensive to the under-thirties and gay men). If you use it about yourself, it's only slightly milder - you might call yourself a "stupid cunt" if you say the wrong thing and your girlfriend dumps you, but not if you just spill your tea. "What happened to you?" "Some cunt decided I needed a kicking."

cunting A modifier. Very rude. "Shut your cunting mouth" or "Cunting bloody FUCK!" ()

dense Really, really thick. "Are you dense? She doesn't fancy you!" "Am I being dense, or are these instructions wrong?"

dickhead Someone stupid or irritating. Moderately rude, but you could say it to your mates without offending them. You can expand this one to "Richard Cranium" if you want to be Funny™.

do your nut To do your nut is to lose your temper about something. "Mum'll do her nut if you tell her."

dodge The word dodge turns up in a lot of "funny euphemism" type British slang: a tax dodger doesn't pay up, a coffin dodger is a senior citizen, a salad dodger is fat. According to peevish.co.uk, a todger dodger is a lesbian. The term soap dodger may have racist origins, but as I've heard it used it simply means someone who doesn't wash - the Racial Slur Database, for example, considers it to mean the French. That's not a connotation I've never heard in my life - the French are either frogs or cheese-eating surrender monkeys where I come from - but it's interesting that a site dedicated to political correctness completely misses any black-vs-white racial connotations for this term.

dodgy Iffy, suspect. A dodgy kebab is what you blame for giving you food poisoning, for example. Via since it's also used in Australia!

does my head in If something does your head in, it's exasperating or infuriating. "I can't stand that Gaius, he does my head in." This one's very slangy and fairly Northern - you wouldn't hear Arthur say it, but it would be fairly natural for Will (Joe Dempsie is form the Midlands, which isn't *quite* the proper North but definitely isn't the South). "Gets on my tits" is the same meaning but without the Northern connotation.

donkey Idiot, moron. "You donkey!"

effing Less rude abbreviation of "fucking". ()

faff Waste time, mess about. A noun if you're posh and a verb if you're not. My overeducated friends say things like "Sorry I'm late, there was an enormous faff", but my family accuse each other of faffing about. "What are you faffing about at?"

fag People in Britain do know this can mean someone gay, but first and foremost in the UK, a fag is a cigarette. If you ask someone where Steve is and they tell you he's out the back having a fag, he's not getting laid

fanny Vagina in the UK, not bum! What Americans call a fanny pack is a bum bag here.

fuck As a noun, either "a shag" or "a person". I'd rather be a good fuck than a stupid fuck (Via )

fucker Again, synonym for "bloke", but ruder. A lazy fucker or an arrogant fucker is someone you really don't like.

fuckwit Really, criminally stupid. The kind of person who should be euthanised for the good of society. The one who pulled out of a side street and narrowly avoided piling into your car, for example.

git You actually don't hear git used on its own that often, despite what Harry Potter fanfic would have you believe. People are much more usually old gits, stupid gits, lazy gits, posh gits, or lucky gits. It's one of those words that's mostly a synonym for "bloke"; you can say something like "Because he's a git", but it's not much of an insult.

gobshite Irish in origin and more common (as far as I know) in the North of the UK. Someone who's full of shit, basically; idiot, bastard, twat. Via

gob Your mouth: "Shut your gob." To be a loudmouth, insult people or trash talk is to "gob off". "Having a gob on you" is being mouthy, especially if you're Northern. Gobbing on something is spitting on it - very punk.

have kittens To get worried about something. Often heard as "Mum'll have kittens!" Presumably, from the nervous behaviour of female cats when they're about to give birth.

insanity Mad in Britain means crazy, not angry. Synonyms are barmy (or "a barmpot"), cracked, barking mad, "you're a loony!", mad as a box of frogs. (Inspired by )

knacker Has a number of uses, as reminds me. If you're knackered you're tired, and if you've knackered your phone you've broken it. In England, the term 'knackers' refers to the male genitals. In Ireland (Northern Ireland I believe), a knacker is a traveller (gypsy), who are also called pikeys (UK-wide) or tinkers (just Ireland).

knob The penis. A nob is a toff - someone upper-class or posh. Knob is quite often combined with other words as in knobhead, knob jockey and "galloping knob rot" (venereal disease). ()

lad If you're from the North a lad is just a young man; you'd be a Northern lad (legendarily so - it's on T-shirts). Lad has another meaning too, though, which is the unpleasantly self-centred "lad culture" that got fashionable in the Nineties for a while. Used that way, it means a young, probably drunk, probably badly behaved man. Being laddish is being a bit of a wanker, and "lad mags" are those utterly tacky tits-and-cars lifestyle magazines. NB porn is more usually "jazz mags".

manky Dirty, sweaty, mouldy, grotty, grim. A manky old dishcloth or your manky gym kit. "Mank" is sometimes used as an adjective - "that's mank". ()

mardy This is one I remember from growing up in the Midlands; "mardy cow". It means stroppy or moody, eg. sulking or afflicted with PMS. You don't hear it much down South. Prompted by .

ming To be ugly or to smell. Or both. A bloke I was in a play with once commented "I'm minging here," after doing some heavy lifting. Flash Gordon jokes involving Ming the Merciless are greatly overplayed.

minger A minger is someone ugly, usually but not always a woman (you also hear "munter").

minging Disgusting or smelly.

mong, as in "Durr! You mong!" Playground insult, an abbreviation of 'Mongol', ie. somebody with Down's syndrome. Not very pleasant, and means someone with a low mental age and low intelligence. It's not necessarily equivalent to American 'retard', so take care. Older people (30+) will remember a similar insult in the form of "spasmo" (a spastic); according to a recent radio show I heard, since the renaming of the Spastic Society to Scope, this one has apparently now mutated into "Scoper". Kids; aren't they great?

muppet Idiot. Someone who behaves the way the Muppets do on telly, only in real life. Not terribly rude. ()

nads Gonads - in slang, this means only the male genitals. Synonyms are goolies, gooners (never heard this one myself), nads and of course knackers (see above). ().

naff Nasty, tacky, ugly, unfashionable, cheap. Slangy but not that rude. According to , this originated from Polari, a surprisingly old form of gay slang, in which it referred to straight men - Not Available For Fucking.

nationalistic insults For a geographical area as apparently small as Europe, people in it are remarkably keen to slag each other off. French people are frogs. Or cheese-eating surrender monkeys, if you want to sideswipe the Yanks at the same time. (Septic, incidentally, is Cockney rhyming slang for Americans: septic tank = Yank). Italians are wops, Spanish people are spics or dagos, Germans are krauts. Paki means what we call Asians over here - that is, people originally from India, Pakistan and the central Asian area, not China or Japan. Japanese are nips or japs, and Chinese are chinkies. Ragheads aren't from Europe at all; they're Saudi Arabians, or anyone else who looks a bit Muslim. Oh, and then there's what the friendly and welcoming nations of the Disunited Kingdom call each other. Welsh people are taffs or sheep shaggers, Irish people are paddies or micks (and are always stupid), Scottish people are Jocks, or drunk Glaswegians called Jimmy, and are so tight with money they dry the teabags out and use them again. English people, of course, are an unforgivable bunch of cultural imperialist snobs who have been trying to subjugate the island's other nations and deprive them of the right to express and celebrate their rich culture and history for generations. These days, of course, the British empire is long gone and pretty much every nation in the globe is American commercial culture's bitch instead - but why bother getting worked up about something you can't change when you can stab your neighbour in the back over something that happened three hundred years ago instead?

nookie Sex. I don't hear this one that often.

numpty Dumb, stupid, thick. A numpty can't read the instructions, and probably has them upside down. Durbrain means the same thing, if you're nine. This one is definitely a posh-Southerners thing and it's very mild; this is what you say in front of your gran instead of calling someone a brainless fucking mong.

nutter A nutter is crazy or insane. To "do your nut" is to flip out, usually referring to anger.

pants A slightly self-conscious and much less rude way of saying something's crap. I remember this one bursting gloriously onto the world when I was about sixteen (so back in the dinosaur age), and people being interviewed in teen magazines (those bastions of cultural haute couture) saying that they never said "pants" but did use the expression "a pile of pants pie". Pants of course are underwear here, not your trousers! ()

pillock Originally a testicle, this now just means idiot or twit. It's often used affectionately to your friends. ( and )

piss about See 'arse about'.

pissed Never means 'angry' in English slang, except in the phrase "pissed off" (see below). Pissed is drunk. A pisshead is also a drunkard, but a piss artist is a timewaster or a dilettante. Other British synonyms for drunk (there are hundreds) include: for twentysomethings, smashed, wankered, shitfaced, rat-arsed, trolleyed, munted and hammered; for the mumsier generations, tiddly or "a bit sloshed". Caned, off your face and wasted can mean either drunk or on drugs, slaughtered is the point at which it's pretty clear you've had a lot too much, and "fucked" is the point at which it really stops being fun.

pissed off Annoyed or irritated. (Not "toweringly furious"; you'd have to say someone was "really pissed off" if you meant that).

piss, taking the Taking the piss out of someone is teasing them, often fairly nastily. You can also say taking the mick or the mickey, or ripping the piss. Taking the piss in the abstract is trying it on - trying to get away with something. "How much? You're taking the piss!". () As a side note, taking the piss out of anyone and anything is the basis of a lot of British humour; we have an instinctive love of sending up pretty much everything, but especially anyone who's too full of themselves, which may explain why the British tendency towards humorous self-deprecation is quite so hard to shake...

plonker Immortalised by Del Boy of Only Fools and Horses, this is another one of those dreadfully polite insults that you use when you can't say "colossal steaming twat". It actually means penis, hence the phrase "pulling one's plonker" as a euphemism for masturbation, but it's really a bit of a wimp as insults go.

ponce Ponce is an old word for pimp (as in, several centuries old), and it implies being cheap, brash and vaguely amoral. You might accuse someone of "poncing about" with their latest status symbol, ie. showing off with it. A friend once asked me "Can I ponce a lift off you?" by which he meant would I give him a ride home. The answer was no, because he was a right ponce and I didn't like him The adjective "poncy" means showy or brash and implies that someone's pretending to be classy when they're not. You might well use it to express envy. "Poncy bastard, who does he think he is?" "Just because you can't afford an iPhone."

prat Again, not one you often hear on its own; as points out, it's rather old-fashioned used that way and it probably ended up in Merlin because it's much less rude than twat or tosser. This is a Family Show Prat is less outdated if you modify it, weirdly; "arrogant prat" means Arthur, basically, insensitive and full of yourself, and a "stupid prat" is someone who's upset you or pissed you off so much you can't think of anything more cutting before you cry (there there, Merlin, never mind). It has the connotation of someone posh or self-centred. You wouldn't call a chav a prat, for example, although you might well accuse him of "pratting around".

prat about Pratting about or pratting around is actually slightly more common than the word "prat" on its own, and implies someone who's messing everyone else about because they've just got no idea how real life actually works. It means wasting everybody's time, like by blocking the street trying to turn your car round or standing right in the doorway having a dreadfully urbane conversation with your intellectual friend. "Stop pratting about with the video, I want to watch BSG!"

prick Literally, penis. Not dissimilar to prat IMO, but ruder, I think. It has a vague connotation of being intrusive or oblivious to other people's feelings. You might well call someone an arrogant prick. Someone who's "a bit of a prick" is to definitely someone you wouldn't want your sister to go out with.

rah Someone posh, because of the way they (stereotypically) talk. Arthur actually doesn't talk like a proper rah, he's bog standard RP/generic Southern; which is perceived as posh, especially in the North, but it's not a classic rah-rah accent. ()

randy Means horny over here. We find American men called Randy endlessly funny. As points out, when someone says "I'm Randy", you have to try prety hrd not to say "Can I help with that?"

rank Dirty or revolting. "Your laundry bag is fucking rank." ()

redheads Unpopular, as Colin Morgan has legendarily pointed out to Merlin fandom. Ginger nut, ginger pubes, Fanta pubes (from the orange-flavoured drink), Jaffa, carrot top. Note that all male gingers are ugly, but ginger women are all drop-dead gorgeous, fiery, passionate redheads. (No, I'm not a redhead, before you ask )

right A modifier. "He's a right bastard", "You're in a right mood today." Means "real" or "very much".

shag To have sex with. There's also the noun "a shag" and the phrase "having a shag". This one's really handy, it's pretty much universal. "I can't believe Lancelot's shagging my wife!" () NB - the phrase "shagged out" just means tired, *not* fucked silly

shit As an insult rather than a verb, you see this one crop up now and then. Those badly-behaved kids in your street are "little shits". The smarmy bastard who does a runner and leaves your best friend pregnant is a shit as well. Mostly, it's a term of unendearment that you use to describe things, though. "This pub is shit." "I'm shit at crosswords." Shitty is the adjective form.

shite (rhymes with white) Slightly politer than shit, but means the same thing. The weather in Britain is usually shite, for example. Via .

slag Slut. Slapper is another synonym peculiar to the Brits. Via and . NB that slagging someone off is badmouthing them, usually nastily.

slapper Slut. Pointed out by, like, everyone

smarmy Oleaginous; smug; smooth in a bad way.

smeg Beloved of Red Dwarf fans everywhere, smeg (short for smegma) is... yeah. Ever given an uncut guy a blowjob? Well if he's a minging bastard who hasn't checked under the hood in a day or two, you've probably seen the stuff. It's also known as knob cheese, and it's something of a social faux pas to say the least. Thanks to for this one.

snog Snogging someone is kissing them in a pretty intense way, probably with tongues. Same thing as French kissing, if you're a bit old fashioned. It never means having sex - that's shagging ()

sod Abbreviation of sodomite, so not that popular with gay men (compare also 'arsehole'). Mild to moderate term of endearment and/or abuse. "You silly sod", as the Pythons are wont to say; or "No there isn't any milk, some stupid sod's had it all." Sodding is an adjective; "the sodding door's stuck again" or "sodding hell". "Sod it" means the same as "stuff it" or "fuck it"; you might just say "Oh, sod it" or use something more creative. "Sod this for a lark. Who wants curry?".

sod off Also 'piss off', 'bugger off' - get lost.

stonker An erection. "What do you get if you put a baby in a blender? Dunno about you, but it gives me a stonker."

stress A stress is a fit of stress-induced anger or anxiety. "She's having a right stress." It's also used as a verb: "Don't stress." It's not the same thing as a strop - being stroppy is getting angry in a "don't get mad, get even" kind of way.

strop Throwing a strop or being "in a strop" is moody or angry. Someone who has a bit of an attitude, or is bossing you around, is "stroppy"; you might be a stroppy git or a stroppy cow (but you wouldn't be a stroppy twat). You'd definitely get stroppy with your flatmates for not washing up.

tart Slut, with a connotation of prostitute. When it's used to mean slut it can often sound fairly upper-class. "They think I'm a nasty little tart."

tit Tits plural are breasts, but a tit is an idiot, usually a self-important one. ()

tits-up Broken. Buggered. Gone down the pictures, as my grandma used to say. By extension from the literal meaning, which is "dead". "Looks like the economy's gone tits-up." ()

tosser To toss oneself off is to masturbate, therefore a tosser is one who tosses. Similar to wanker. "Who was that?" "Some tosser in a BMW. Offered me a quid to park it for him." "Where's he think he is, America?"

trollop Tart, slapper, slag. Woman of low morals. This one is used by everyone, but it's wonderfully old-fashioned and posh if it's said in the right accent. ()

twat Literally, vagina. Unpleasant, self-centred, insensitive. Owen from Torchwood really is right when he describes himself as one in the first episode. Twat is the kind of thing you can say to your mates as well, though; "You stupid twat" is one of those affectionate terms of abuse you use when someone's cocked up. You can also "make a twat of yourself" by making a stupid mistake. I've most often heard it used about men, but younger people seem to consider it unisex. There's a line in the UK version of Queer as Folk: "Why do you hang around with that Donna? She's a twat."

twerp Very mild and getting old-fashioned now. Your mum would use it, you probably wouldn't. Idiot, stupid person. Berk means the same thing (and is just as old-fashioned): Terry Pratchett's Discworld contains a book called Twurpe's Peerage, whis is Burke's Peerage in real life. Berk may originate from Cockney rhyming slang: Berkshire hunt, meaning... you get the idea.

twit Idiot. The politer equivalent of twat. 'Twonk' is a similar thing but isn't related to anything ruder ().

wank OK, let me elaborate a bit on this one. The fandom-related meaning of wank (ie. "huge Internet prickfest in which everyone behaves like a five-year-old about a profoundly trivial problem") really is specific to fandom. In ordinary British slang, having a wank is masturbating (and that's the single most common way of using it, although "wank yourself" or "wank yourself off" exists too). Wank by itself is the same thing as bullshit. "Are you bothering with this new customer service policy?" "Nah. It's a load of wank."

wanker Vaguely similar in connotations to twat. As the T-shirt says, "Instant wanker: just add beer". Drunk men are the definition of wanker; they think they're absolutely fucking hilarious, and they're the only ones who do. That bloke who just swerved wildly across two motorway lanes in a twatty, overpowered sales executive car because he didn't feel like indicating? He's a wanker too. The louder you shout it at him, the more of one he is.

what are you like The answer to this question is invariably "useless" - which is why it never needs to be said.

@темы: #полезное

---

09.10.2012 в 13:59

Пишет  Skel:

Подбросили тут.
Давно уже хотел это выбросить на дневнике - руки не доходили.

Внимание. Исходный текст несколько подправлен и сдобрен моими комментариями и кусочками карты (за что спасибо проге 2GIS).

Специально для бедолаг, которых злодейка-судьба забросила в Екатеринбург, ниже приводятся сведения, которые помогут им не впасть в панику сразу по приезде и продержаться до эвакуации.

Специально для бедолаг, которых злодейка-судьба забросила в Екатеринбург, ниже приводятся сведения, которые помогут им не впасть в панику сразу по приезде и продержаться до эвакуации.

Итак, запомните (а лучше запишите), что:

"Центральный" стадион находится вовсе не в центре.

"Центральный" стадион находится вовсе не в центре.
Собственно не совсем верно. От центра города стадион отделают всего 3 остановки. Но факт.

На Широкой речке нет никакой реки.

На Широкой речке нет никакой реки.
Ну собственно вот карта этого райончика.

Концерн "Калина" не имеет никакого отношения к Ладе-Калине.

Концерн "Калина" не имеет никакого отношения к Ладе-Калине.
Слава Богу!!! Собственно они занимаются по большей части косметикой. Вот ссыль на офф сайт.

Кинотеатр "Октябрь", "Колизей" и "Киномакс" - это один и тот же кинотеатр.

Кинотеатр "Октябрь", "Колизей" и "Киномакс" - это один и тот же кинотеатр.
Ну вот три фотки в подтверждение.
Кинотеатр Октябрь. Фото 1975 года.

Кинотеатр Колизей. Примерно 2009 год.

Ну и собственно с вывеской Киномакса нынешних дней.

А вот трамвайные остановки "Шарташ" и "Шарташская" - разные и находятся в разных концах города.

А вот трамвайные остановки "Шарташ" и "Шарташская" - разные и находятся в разных концах города.
Собственно опять не в разных концах города, но и совсем не близко. Собственно карта проезда между этими остановками на трамвае:

Троллейбусная остановка "Стахановская" расположена у глухого забора на ул.Восстания. Где же находится ул.Стахановская даже не всякий местный покажет, так как она давно застроена.

Троллейбусная остановка "Стахановская" расположена у глухого забора на ул.Восстания. Где же находится ул.Стахановская даже не всякий местный покажет, так как она давно застроена.
Ну собственно вот карта с отмеченной остановкой, которая отнесена от улицы немного в сторону. Правда по уточнению милой читательницы Дарьюшка сейчас этой проблемы нет, забор уже убран и остановка теперь стоит радостно на перекрестке.

Станция метро "Проспект Космонавтов" находится не на перекрестке Космонавтов-Фрезеровщиков (как можно подумать, глядя на карту, или, спросив у местных), а на перекрестке Космонавтов-Старых Большевиков.

Станция метро "Проспект Космонавтов" находится не на перекрестке Космонавтов-Фрезеровщиков (как можно подумать, глядя на карту, или, спросив у местных), а на перекрестке Космонавтов-Старых Большевиков.
Тут явно нужны 2 отметки карты. Просто улица Фрезеровщиков заканчивает чуть раньше и такого перекрестка не существует. Вот и они.

Стела "Орджоникидзевский район", которая установлена в начале проспекта Космонавтов, находится в Железнодорожном районе и отмечает въезд в Кировский район.

Стела "Орджоникидзевский район", которая установлена в начале проспекта Космонавтов, находится в Железнодорожном районе и отмечает въезд в Кировский район.
Тоже не самое верное суждение. Она находится на стыке трёх районов города. Но запутать может кого угодно.

На ул.Уральской нет станции метро "Уральская", эта станция находится у ж/д вокзала.

На ул.Уральской нет станции метро "Уральская", эта станция находится у ж/д вокзала.

"Южного автовокзала" не существует, есть просто Автовокзал. Южным его называют, чтобы не путать с недавно построенным Северным автовокзалом. Который, к слову, находится не на севере города, а у все того же ж/д вокзала.

"Южного автовокзала" не существует, есть просто Автовокзал. Южным его называют, чтобы не путать с недавно построенным Северным автовокзалом. Который, к слову, находится не на севере города, а у все того же ж/д вокзала.
Тут будет достаточно ссылки на офф сайт. По одной простой причине - его уже даже на картах часто отмечают, как Южный.

Ул.Московская и Московский тракт ведут в разные стороны.

Ул.Московская и Московский тракт ведут в разные стороны.

Екатеринбургская кольцевая автомобильная дорога (ЕКАД) существует только в воображении картографов, которые упорно рисуют ее на своих картах. В природе ее нет.

Екатеринбургская кольцевая автомобильная дорога (ЕКАД) существует только в воображении картографов, которые упорно рисуют ее на своих картах. В природе ее нет.
Опять же не совсем верно. Есть такая дорога, но она не замыкается. Тут мне вот при взгляде на карту кажется, что она накрывает город шапкой.

По Объездной дороге объехать город невозможно. Наоборот, поехав по ней, многие рискуют навеки сгинуть в городских дебрях, куда она собственно и ведет.

По Объездной дороге объехать город невозможно. Наоборот, поехав по ней, многие рискуют навеки сгинуть в городских дебрях, куда она собственно и ведет.
Тут можно посмотреть на кусочек карты выше - в чём суть - по всей длине ЕКАД'а куча ответвлений в город и из него. И многие ни чем не отличаются по виду своротки от самого тракта. Так что оно не удивительно. Что бы это понять - надо по ней проехаться хотя бы один раз.

Ул.Кирова находится в Верх-Исетском районе, а не в Кировском. Ул.Чкалова - в Ленинском, а не в Чкаловском. Проспект же Ленина поделен между Верх-Исетским, Ленинским, Железнодорожным, Кировским и Октябрьским районами.

Ул.Кирова находится в Верх-Исетском районе, а не в Кировском. Ул.Чкалова - в Ленинском, а не в Чкаловском. Проспект же Ленина поделен между Верх-Исетским, Ленинским, Железнодорожным, Кировским и Октябрьским районами.
Всё это - чистая правда. Но столько фактов собирать мне искренне лень. Если желаете увидеть подтверждение - просто скажите - сделаю.

С остановками транспорта в городе полная лажа. Есть 2 остановки "Холодильник", 2 "Дачные", 2 "Декабристов", 2 "Малышева", 4 "Школы". Все, понятно, в разных местах.

С остановками транспорта в городе полная лажа. Есть 2 остановки "Холодильник", 2 "Дачные", 4 "Декабристов", 2 "Малышева", 4 "Школы". Все, понятно, в разных местах.
И тут не совсем верно. Дубли остановок находятся в пригородах, которые уже почти поглощены городом и давно жителями факт того, что их считают просто дальними районами Екатеринбурга создаёт такое вот дорожное недоразумение.
Исключение составляют остановки "Декабристов" (на пересечениях с улицами Белинского, Луначарского, Розы Люксембург, 8 Марта) "Малышева" (на пересечении с улицами Восточной и Московской - последнюю переименовали недавно в "ТЦ Алатырь") и "Школа" (на улицах Ильича, Караванной, Новгородцевой, Пехотинцев - и это не считая остановок в пригородах Арамиль, Большой Исток, Берёзовский и Верхняя Пышма)

Чтобы с ЖБИ добраться до "Восточной" надо ехать на запад, а с Вторчермета до "Южной" - на север. Без поллитры в трамвай лучше не садиться.

Чтобы с ЖБИ добраться до "Восточной" надо ехать на запад, а с Вторчермета до "Южной" - на север. Без поллитры в трамвай лучше не садиться.
Правильно. По одной простой причине - относительно центра города географически положение этих остановок верно. Нефиг кататься откуда и куда попало. :-)

Также у приезжих вызывают удивление несколько чудо-улиц с не совсем евклидовой геометрией:

Улица Народной Воли. Улица, которая разорвана в 4! местах. Иметь офис на улице Народной Воли означает иметь офис с реальным городским адресом, который никогда никто не найдет, потому что его нет там, где должен быть. Именно на этой улице располагается психоневрологический диспансер.

Улица Народной Воли. Улица, которая разорвана в 4! местах. Иметь офис на улице Народной Воли означает иметь офис с реальным городским адресом, который никогда никто не найдет, потому что его нет там, где должен быть. Именно на этой улице располагается психоневрологический диспансер.
Вот вам улица на карте:

В центре такой же конфигурацией обладает улица Мичурина, правда она всего два раза разорвана.

В центре такой же конфигурацией обладает улица Мичурина, правда она всего два раза разорвана.

Наличием таких улиц отличается Эльмаш — Войкова (1 разрыв), Кобозева (2 разрыва) и Каширская (2 разрыва), а также Анри Барбюса на ВИЗе.

Наличием таких улиц отличается Эльмаш — Войкова (1 разрыв), Кобозева (2 разрыва) и Каширская (2 разрыва), а также Анри Барбюса (3 разрыва) в Верхисетском районе.
Войкова

Кобозева

Каширская

Анри Барбюса

Перекресток пяти улиц — Долорес Ибаррури, Кирова, Крылова, Мельникова и ВИЗ-Бульвар, причём это не площадь. Вконец охреневшая улица Д.Ибаррури пересекает Кирова дважды.

Перекресток пяти улиц — Долорес Ибаррури, Кирова, Крылова, Мельникова и ВИЗ-Бульвар, причём это не площадь. Вконец охреневшая улица Д.Ибаррури пересекает Кирова дважды.
Сам перекресток:

Ну и сама Долорес Ибаррури не пересекает Кирова дважды, но два перекрестка с ней имеет. :-)

Чудо-улица Крестинского, которая сама себе параллельна, перпендикулярна и дважды пересекает улицу Шварца.

Чудо-улица Крестинского, которая сама себе параллельна, перпендикулярна и дважды пересекает улицу Шварца.
Тут достаточно взглянуть на карту. Всё станет понятно.

Не менее чудо-улица Школьников, от одного конца которой до другого свыше 1.5 км при длине в, без малого, 350 м, а рядом с ней ещё две таких чудо-улицы: Ударников и Каменщиков.

Не менее чудо-улица Школьников, от одного конца которой до другого свыше 1.5 км при длине в, без малого, 350 м, а рядом с ней ещё две таких чудо-улицы: Ударников и Каменщиков.
Информация немного устарела. Ударников теперь переулок. А в остальном можете убедиться:

Улица-шизофреник Надеждинская, которая не одна улица, а две, так как состоит из двух параллельных участков, расположенных в ста метрах друг от друга.

Улица-шизофреник Надеждинская, которая не одна улица, а две, так как состоит из двух параллельных участков, расположенных в ста метрах друг от друга.
Пруф:


Так же добавим:
Ул. Академическую и район Академический, которые разумеется находятся в разных краях города.

Ж/д станция ВИЗ, находящаяся в Железнодорожном районе, а не Верх-Исетском. При этом, жители города называют район Сортировкой.

И рынок Таганский ряд, и улица Таганская. Которые опять же находятся совсем не рядом.

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19.05.2012 в 18:43

Пишет  Le_Chiffre.:

19.05.2012 в 08:08

Пишет  Die Operation Modellhut:

Это просто надо видеть.
Жежешечка неожиданно удивила и порадовала.
Стоя на Вандомской площади и У Триумфальной арки в Париже или на площади Виктора Гюго в Виши, я пыталась разглядеть за настоящим прошлое и представить, как тут было раньше, особенно во время Второй Мировой. Сергей Ларенков сделал то, что пыталось разглядеть воображение.

Смотреть сквозь настоящее в прошлое

Все сюда: sergey-larenkov.livejournal.com/

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28.12.2011 в 01:21

Пишет  Demmuel:

"Убить некроманта"
Посвящено Дольфу Некроманту

Я вернул земли предков своих,
Моя власть на стране - как проказа.
Я три года не видел живых,
Мертвецам отдавая приказы.
Я ушел на войну в тишине
На клыкастой, покладистой кляче.
И пусть сердце изранили мне
На войне - некроманты не плачут.

Я не знаю какого черта, но автор сего произведения не выложила себе это в дневник, а прислала мне в смс-ке. Я польщена потому, что мне. Я рада потому, что эта книга не оставила ее равнодушной. Я пищала от восторга. Теперь меня хоть кто-то понимает! Спасибо тебе,  Lucifer is my pet

Мне бы еще художника найти, чтобы его нарисовать..и мечта моя будет сотворена!

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09.04.2012 в 15:43

Пишет  mad Monday:

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Закрытая запись, не предназначенная для публичного просмотра

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19.01.2012 в 00:58

Пишет  Цикламино:

Самым главным для меня во втором сезоне был Джим Мориарти. По крайней мере, сейчас я сосредоточена исключительно на нём.

Гифки и картинки, tumblr.com

Для дальнейших размышлений:

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06.01.2012 в 15:39

Пишет  Demmuel:

Есть же места на свете, но мне в них не бывать... Не могла не перепостить эдакое....

05.01.2012 в 19:16

Пишет  ~Yako~:

forest

+73

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01.09.2010 в 00:52

Пишет  vorobey008:

запомнить (?!)
Два фартинга = один полпенни. Два полпенни = один пенни. Три пенни = трехпенсовик. Два трехпенсовика = один шестипенсовик. Два шестипенсовика = один шиллинг, или боб. Два боба = флорин. Один флорин и один шестипенсовик = полкроны. Четыре полкроны = банкнота в десять бобов. Две банкноты в десять бобов = один фунт (или 240 пенни). Один фунт и один шиллинг = одна гинея.

Британцы долгое время отказывались от десятеричной системы исчисления, поскольку считали ее слишком сложной.

ин инглиш, плиз

NOTE FOR YOUNG PEOPLE AND AMERICANS: One shilling = Five Pee. It helps to understand the antique finances of the Witchfinder Army if you know the original British monetary system:
Two farthings = One Ha'penny.
Two ha'pennies = One Penny.
Three pennies = A Thrupenny Bit.
Two Thrupences = A Sixpence.
Two Sixpences = One Shilling, or Bob.
Two Bob = A Florin.
One Florin and One Sixpence = Half a Crown.
Four Half Crowns = Ten Bob Note.
Two Ten Bob Notes = One Pound (or 240 pennies).
One Pound and One Shilling = One Guinea.
The British resisted decimalized currency for a long time because they thought it was too complicated

@темы: #полезное

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29.12.2011 в 20:59

Пишет  Smiling Cheshire Cat:

Мое, чеширское=)

29.12.2011 в 21:29

Пишет [J]Neutron Fork.[/J]:

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20.10.2011 в 01:54

Пишет  Случайный дневник:

Пишет  Blad Moran:

Девушка из Японии по имени Хаяси Нацуми любит фотографировать себя в полете и называет это Today’s Levitation.
Забавные фотографии, а полет выглядит таким естественным, что кажется будто она в самом деле летает.


Может ее вдохновила книга о Питер Пэне?

скопс

@темы: #милота

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12.07.2009 в 21:02

Пишет  ellssa:

Чтоб не потерять. Разница в ирландском английском и английском английском

О произношении в ирландском языке.Статья А. А. Коростелёвой

Норма произношения в ирландском языке

Само заглавие этой статьи парадоксально, - дело в том, что произносительная норма как таковая, общепринятое, стандартное произношение в ирландском гэльском языке отсутствует. Для того чтобы понять, как могла сложиться такая "аномальная" с привычной для нас точки зрения ситуация, обратимся к проблеме взаимоотношений ирландского языкового стандарта - кáйдона - и ирландских диалектов. Положение о том, что отношения между нормативным языком и диалектами в принципе могут быть различны, само по себе не ново (примером этого могут служить радикально отличающиеся условия функционирования русского и немецкого литературных языков внутри соответствующих языковых систем). Людям, привыкшим иметь дело с более "благополучными" языками, при столкновении с ирландской языковой ситуацией может показаться странным то, насколько шаткими могут быть, оказывается, позиции литературного стандарта в системе языка и насколько сложными, чтобы не сказать - агрессивными, могут быть его отношения с диалектами.
В силу ряда исторических причин, которых мы не будем здесь касаться, современный ирландский языковой стандарт -официальный кайдон (an Caighdeán Oifigiúil; само слово "caighdeán" означает 'стандарт') был принят только в 1958 году, что было закреплено соответствующим изданием, в котором излагалась орфография и грамматика созданного учеными кодифицированного il'a:n] - oileán 'остров', [t'ax] и [t 'ax] - teach 'дом', одинаково принадлежат западному региону. Выходом из положения может быть некое усредненное западное произношение, не восходящее однозначно ни к одному из коннахтских диалектов. Кроме того, существует немалая вероятность того, что в результате дальнейшего общения с южанами или северянами в речи иностранного студента с изначально поставленным западным произношением появится южный или северный налет. Перспектива выработки такого "мозаичного" произношения не должна нас смущать. Очень многие ирландцы, в совершенстве владеющие кайдоном, говорят как раз с таким "пестрым" произношением, которое сами они с улыбкой называют canúint neodrach ('нейтральный диалект'): это может быть "юго-западное" (смешение совместимых южных и западных особенностей в пропорции один к одному), западное с вкраплением южных элементов, "северо-западное" и любое другое смешанное произношение. Все эти разновидности характерны для молодого поколения с родным английским и выученным ирландским. Это люди, не приверженные какому-то одному диалекту и не смотрящие свысока на любого, кто не владеет "дивной и мелодичной речью Кошь Фарриге" (или любого другого местечка с населением в несколько сот жителей). Может показаться удивительным, что все они свободно понимают друг друга, но это так.
Существуют ли какие-то аргументы в пользу южного или северного произношения? Безусловно. Допустим, человек только и живет, что поэзией Пирса Феритера, Эогана О'Рахилли, Дайви О'Бруадара и Эогана О'Салливана [5], читает их по ночам со слезами на глазах, а засыпая, кладет под подушку; наконец он решается ради них учить ирландский язык, и тут ему ни с того ни с сего советуют ставить западное произношение, потому что это проще; неудивительно будет, если он плюнет такому советчику в лицо.
Вместе с тем наличие южного или северного произношения на фоне кайдона может влиять на грамматический строй речи и переходить в нарушение нормативной грамматики. Совершенно естественно, например, будет, если учащийся с хорошо поставленным и отшлифованным южным произношением, много общавшийся с южанами, невольно начнет ставить слова женского рода после известных предлогов в дательный падеж или регулярно употреблять частицу do перед глаголами в прошедшем времени - это довольно безобидные мелочи, за которыми трудно уследить, однако с точки зрения грамматики это уже отход от кайдона. Дело в том, что как южное, так и северное произношение будут требовать дани в виде определенных грамматических форм, будут, что называется, "тянуть на себя", и понадобится осознанное владение языком и постоянный самоконтроль, чтобы южная или северная фонетика не повлекла за собой диалектизмы в грамматике и лексике.
Понятно, что обучение у преподавателя-ирландца с чисто южным или чисто северным произношением не оставляет иностранному студенту выбора: в таком случае, разумеется, следует благоговейно воспроизводить все особенности произношения преподавателя, исключая, впрочем, дефекты речи.
Практический вывод для тех, кто после всего сказанного не боится приступить к самостоятельному изучению ирландского языка: рекомендуем 1) начинать знакомство с ирландским языком с изучения системы кайдона; 2) ориентироваться в своем произношении на западные, коннахтские диалекты (если у вас нет веских причин поступать иначе) и, выбрав какую-то одну из каждой пары вариативных черт. (/i/ или /о/ для oi в начале слова, /х/ или /k/ для ch в консонантной группе, мягкие зубные или аффрикаты и т.д.), твердо ее придерживаться, не смущаясь тем, что образовавшееся в результате сочетание этих черт, скорее всего, не будет в точности соответствовать конкретному диалекту Корка Дорха или другого ирландскоговорящего района, - это нормально.

Библиография
A View of the Irish Language. Dublin, 1969
Breathnach R. Revival or survival? An examination of the Irish language policy of the state // Studies, 1956, vol. 45
Gramadach na Gaeilge agus Litriú na Gaeilge: An Caighdeán Oifigiúil. BÁC, 1958 Foclóir Póca. English - Irish, Irish - English Dictionary. BÁC, 1986
Ó Baoill, D. Is beannaithe lucht an Chaighdeán óir is leo… // Teangeolas, 1983, vol. 17
Ó Baoill, D. P. Language planning in Ireland: the standardization of Irish // International Journal of the sociology of language, 1988, vol. 70, 109-126
Ó Baoill, D. P. Lárchanúint don Ghaeilge. Research report for the Linguistics Institute which proposes a standardised dialect for Irish. Institiúid Teangeolaíochta Éireann. BÁC, 1987
Ó Baoill, D. P. & Ó Riagáin, P. Reform of the orthography, grammar and vocabulary of Irish // Language reform: history and future V, 173-195. Hamburg, 1990
Ó Dónaill, N. Foclóir Gaeilge - Béarla. BÁC, 1977
O'Murchu, S. Céard é an Caighdeán? // Teangeolas, 1983, vol. 17
O'Rahilly, T.F. Irish dialects past and present. Dublin, 1972
Stair na Gaeilge. Maigh Nuad, 1994

Сноски:
[1] Gramadach na Gaeilge agus Litriú na Gaeilge: An Caighdeán Oifigiúil. BÁCC, 1958.
[2] Niall Ó Dónaill. Foclóir Gaeilge - Béarla. BAC, 1977.
[3] Dónall P.Ó Baoill. Lárchanúint don Ghaeilge. Research report for the Linguistics Institute which proposes a standardised dialect for Irish. Institiúid Teangeolaíochta Éireann. BÁC, 1987.
[4] Foclóir Póca. English - Irish, Irish - English Dictionary. BÁC, 1986
[5] Классические ирландские поэты XVII - XVIII вв., происходившие родом с Юга.

Автор статьи - Анна Александровна Коростелёва - преподаватель современного ирландского языка в Московском Государственном Университете, писатель, переводчик классической и современной ирландской литературы, в том числе произведений Бриана О'Нуаланя (он же Бриан О'Нолан, Флан О' Брайен), Шеймаса Мак Анны, "Мойры", "Ястреба" и многих других ирландских авторов.

209.85.129.132/search?q=cache:bJaS5GMmudAJ:ling...
__________________________

This essay is made up of two parts. In the first part I will be looking at the type of English spoken in Belfast. The things that I will look at are some history of Belfast English and the difference between Belfast English and standard English. The facts are taken from the book Belfast English and Standard English Dialectal variation and Parameter Setting by Alison Henry. In the second part I will be looking at Irish English in general. For that I will use the book Real English the grammar of English dialects in the British Isles by James and Lesley Milroy.



Belfast English

English speakers in Belfast are largely monolingual, and there is no community of native Irish speakers in the area. However some parents choose to send their children to Irish-medium schools to learn Irish. Most Belfast English speakers' Irish is learnt as a subject in secondary school if at all. Since there are few bilingual speakers, any Irish influences are almost certainly derived from historical contact between the two languages.

The English spoken in this area sprang up when English and Scottish settlers came to Ireland in the seventeenth century. The settlers' plantations were in such big scales that they held the economic and political power, and since they spoke English this was the language that gradually took over. The use of Irish in the Belfast area had died out by the end of the seventeenth century.

Rural Ulster speech consists of two main dialects, namely Ulster Scots, which is closely related to Scottish English, and the Central or Mid-Ulster dialect, which has more influences from Irish. Many people from other areas have moved to Belfast in search for work, so their dialects cannot really be said to belong to either of these two groups.

Belfast English can be considered to be conservative compared to standard English, it is said that they speak English as it was spoken in Shakespearean times. Some of the constructions of Irish English were used in earlier forms of standard English. For example the use of for to with infinitives, where standard English today only uses to:

It wouldn't do for to say that.

They seem for to be late.

This usage has a long history in English and not just in vernacular varieties. It is not only found in a number of present day dialects, but also in earlier forms of the literary language.

Belfast is known to be a divided society with little contact between the Protestant and Catholic communities, despite this there are no clear differences either phonological or grammatical between their English. It is not possible to determine which community a person belongs to simply by how they speak English.

Belfast English is a variety that has little status and is not officially recognised. Both Protestant and Catholic schools teach their children standard English, which is seen as the "correct" English. To be able to use standard syntax is seen as a mark of education whilst local syntax thus is seen as lack of education.

In the book Belfast English and Standard English Dialectal variation and Parameter Setting, Henry talks about how subject-verb agreement is optional in Belfast English. In standard English the -s ending only occur with third person singular objects, whilst in Belfast English it is possible for a plural subject noun phrase to occur with a verb showing the -s ending. This is a phenomenon that has been pointed out in a number of sociolinguistic studies and it is known as "singular concord". For example Policansky 1976, Milroy 1981 and Finlay 1988.

The eggs is/are cracked.

The machines works/work well.

It should be noted that while it is possible to use a singular verb when the subject is plural it is not possible to use a plural verb with a singular subject.

Inversion is possible in embedded questions:

I wonder did they go.

She asked had anybody called.

Belfast English has relative clauses where relativised element is a subject, and where the relative pronoun is not phonetically realised:

I have a sister lives in Dublin.

There are people don't read books.

Certain finite subordinate clauses occur with null subjects:

They were lucky got away.

You were as well took the job when you were offered it.


Irish English

I will be looking at the non-standard grammatical characteristics of English usage in Ireland. By non-standard I mean the features that do not correspond to the standard English norms. They are not talked about in dictionaries and grammar books. An example of this is the singular and plural in second-person pronouns. In standard English it is the same in both singular and plural, we can say you to one or more than one person. In some dialects, especially those spoken in Ireland and some others with Irish connections, we find the vernacular form youse:

Standard English Irish English

person sing. plur. person sing. plur.

1st. I we 1st. I we

2nd. you you 2nd. you youse

3rd. he/she/it they 3rd. he/she/it they

This illustrates the differences that can exist between vernacular and standard forms of English. The table is taken from the book Real English the grammar of English dialects in the British Isles by James and Lesley Milroy. An example:

Did youse kids hear that? (Irish English)

Did you kids hear that? (Standard English)

The majority of the population in Ireland speak some form of non-standard English as a first language. The linguistic features vary from region to region: someone from Dublin will obviously speak differently from a native of Belfast. Despite of this, the dialects of Ireland do share a number of linguistic features which separates them from dialects spoken elsewhere.

The type of English spoken in Ireland is sometimes said to be a mixture of the language of Shakespeare and the Irish of the Gaelic earls. This assumption can in a sense be true. Modern Irish English does bear the marks of two major historical events. First we have the various types of English and Scots that were brought to Ireland during the English and Scottish colonisation in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.. Secondly there is an early hybrid jargon which arose as a result of the contact between the Irish and English languages. The linguistic impact of the contact between Irish and English is most clearly seen in those areas where Irish is still spoken as a mother tongue or where it has survived until recently.

A well-known feature of Irish English is a construction of be after and an ing-participle, as in:

She's after selling the boat

Which is a ´hot-news` perfect, that is, an event that has taken place in the very recent past. A translation of the sentence might be ´She has just sold the boat`. The construction is almost certainly a direct borrowing from Irish:

Tá sí treís an bád a dhíol

Be she after the boat selling

As I talked about in the part on Belfast English, the schools teach their children standard English. The local dialects are seen as lack of education. This is a very sad thing, because if the local dialect is repeatedly looked upon as something bad, then people will stop using it and it will die out. If we then look on how many people actually use the standard form in their everyday life, we find that they are not many.

Irish English differs in many ways from standard English, in grammar, pronunciation and vocabulary. But it is also a fact that Irish English differs from place to place. As I said before, a person from Dublin will speak differently from a person from Belfast. There are different dialects and accents, and all languages changes with time. We borrow words from other languages to our own and words that already exist are changed in pronunciation or in the field of usage, and some words are simply abandoned and forgotten.

Written by Sofia Rundgren (Team South)

www.eng.umu.se/city/sofia/Linguistics/irish_eng...

__________________________

Dialects of English

Dr. C. George Boeree


English is actually an unusual language. Already a blend of early Frisian and Saxon, it absorbed Danish and Norman French, and later added many Latin and Greek technical terms. In the US, Canada, Hawaii, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, and elsewhere, it absorbed terms for indigenous plants, animals, foodstuffs, clothing, housing, and other items from native and immigrant languages. Plus, the various dialects, from Cockney to Jamaican, and innumerable sources of slang, from Polari to hip hop, continue to add novel terms and expressions to the mix. It is no surprise to hear from people learning English what a student once told me: English just has too many words!

Pronunciation (for our purposes):
i: as in beet
i as in bit
ei as in bait
e as in bet
æ as in bat
a: as in father
å as in pot (RP)
o as in paw
ou as in coat
u as in cook
u: as in kook
œ as in but
' as in ago
yu: as in cute
ai as in kite
oi as in coy au as in cow
c as in church
j as in judge
th as in thin
dh as in then
sh as in shush
zh as in azure
ng as in ring
hw as in whale
hy as in huge
ü as in German
ö as in French
kh as in Scottish loch (lokh)
gh as in Dutch
ñ as in Spanish
? as t in Cockney bottle (bo?'l)



British English


Map from Pictures of England (www.picturesofengland.com)

Southern

Southern English engages in r-dropping, that is, r's are not pronounced after vowels, unless followed by another vowel. Instead, vowels are lengthened or have an /'/ off-glide, so fire becomes /fai'/, far becomes /fa:/, and so on.
regular use of "broad a" (/a:/), where GA (General American) would use /æ/.
"long o" is pronounced /'u/, where GA uses /ou/.
final unstressed i is pronounced /i/, where GA uses /i.
t between vowels retained as /t/ (or a glottal stop, in its variants), where GA changes it to /d/.
The English of well-bred Londoners, especially graduates of the public schools (e.g. Eton and Harrow) and "Oxbridge" universities, was the origin of "the Queen's English," also known as Received Pronunciation (RP), BBC, or "posh."
Cockney

Originally the dialect of the working class of East End London.
initial h is dropped, so house becomes /aus/ (or even /a:s/).
/th/ and /dh/ become /f/ and /v/ respectively: think > /fingk/, brother > /brœv'/.
t between vowels becomes a glottal stop: water > /wo?i/.
diphthongs change, sometimes dramatically: time > /toim/, brave > /braiv/, etc.
Besides the accent, it includes a large number of slang words, including the famous rhyming slang:
have a butchers -- take a look [from butcher's hook = look]
north and south -- mouth
plates -- feet [from plates of meat = feet]
boat race -- face
skin and blister -- sister
trouble -- wife [from trouble and strife = wife]
dustbin lids -- kids / children
whistle -- suit [from whistle and flute = suit]
oily rag -- fag = cigarette
jam jar -- car
mince pies -- eyes
pen and ink -- stink
porkies -- lies [from pork pies = lies]
titfer -- hat [from tit for tat = hat]
apples and pears -- stairs
Jimmy -- urinate [from Jimmy Riddle = piddle]
Bertie Woofter -- gay man [from Bertie Woofter = poofter]
China -- mate / friend [from China plate = mate]
Khyber -- buttocks [from Khyber Pass = ass]
rabbit and pork -- talk
tea leaf -- thief
taters -- cold [from potato mold = cold]
dog and bone -- phone
loaf -- head [from loaf of bread = head]
brown bread -- dead
elbows and knees -- trees
gold watch -- Scotch
pride and joy -- boy
current bun -- Sun
dicky -- shirt [from dicky dirt = shirt]
pots and pans -- hands
jugs -- ears [from jugs of beers = ears]
ones and twos -- shoes
daisies -- boots [from daisy roots = boots]
bird -- prison [from bird lime = time, as in doing time]
(from Kryss Katsiavriades at www.krysstal.com/cockney.html)

Estuary English

From London down the Thames and into Essex, Sussex, and even Kent, a new working and middle class dialect has evolved and is rapidly become "the" southern dialect. It combines some of the characteristics of Cockney with RP, but makes much less use of Cockney slang.
East Anglian

This dialect is very similar to the Southern:
t between vowels usually becomes a glottal stop.
/ai/ becomes /oi/: time > /toim/.
RP yu becomes u: after n, t, d... as in American English.
East Midlands

The dialect of the East Midlands, once filled with interesting variations from county to county, is now predominantly RP. R's are dropped, but h's are pronounced. The only signs that differentiate it from RP:
ou > u: (so go becomes /gu:/).
RP yu; becomes u: after n, t, d... as in American English.
The West Country
r's are not dropped.
initial s often becomes z (singer > zinger).
initial f often becomes v (finger > vinger).
vowels are lengthened.
West Midlands

This is the dialect of Ozzie Osbourne! While pronunciation is not that different from RP, some of the vocabulary is:
are > am
am, are (with a continuous sense) > bin
is not > ay
are not > bay
Brummie is the version of West Midlands spoken in Birmingham.
Lancashire

This dialect, spoken north and east of Liverpool, has the southern habit of dropping r's. Other features:
/œ/ > /u/, as in luck (/luk/).
/ou/ > /oi/, as in hole (/hoil/)
Scouse is the very distinctive Liverpool accent, a version of the Lancashire dialect, that the Beatles made famous.
the tongue is drawn back.
/th/ and /dh/ > /t/ and /d/ respectively.
final k sounds like the Arabic q.
for is pronounced to rhyme with fur.
Yorkshire

The Yorkshire dialect is known for its sing-song quality, a little like Swedish, and retains its r's.
/œ/ > /u/, as in luck (/luk/).
the is reduced to t'.
initial h is dropped.
was > were.
still use thou (pronounced /tha/) and thee.
aught and naught (pronounced /aut/ or /out/ and /naut/ or /nout/) are used for anything and nothing.
Northern

The Northern dialect closely resembles the southern-most Scottish dialects. It retains many old Scandinavian words, such as bairn for child, and not only keeps its r's, but often rolls them. The most outstanding version is Geordie, the dialect of the Newcastle area.
-er > /æ/, so father > /fædhæ/.
/ou/ > /o:'/, so that boat sounds like each letter is pronounced.
talk > /ta:k/
work > /work/
book > /bu:k/
my > me
me > us
our > wor
you plural > youse

Wales

Welsh English is characterized by a sing-song quality and lightly rolled r's. It has been strongly influenced by the Welsh language, although it is increasingly influenced today by standard English, due to the large number of English people vacationing and retiring there.


Scotland

Scotland actually has more variation in dialects than England! The variations do have a few things in common, though, besides a large particularly Scottish vocabulary:
rolled r's.
"pure" vowels (/e:/ rather than /ei/, /o:/ rather than /ou/)
/u:/ is often fronted to /ö/ or /ü/, e.g. boot, good, muin (moon), poor...
There are several "layers" of Scottish English. Most people today speak standard English with little more than the changes just mentioned, plus a few particular words that they themselves view as normal English, such as to jag (to prick) and burn (brook). In rural areas, many older words and grammatical forms, as well as further phonetic variations, still survive, but are being rapidly replaced with more standard forms. But when a Scotsman (or woman) wants to show his pride in his heritage, he may resort to quite a few traditional variations in his speech. First, the phonetics:
/oi/, /ai/, and final /ei/ > /'i/, e.g. oil, wife, tide...
final /ai/ > /i/, e.g. ee (eye), dee (die), lee (lie)...
/ou/ > /e/, e.g. ake (oak), bate (boat), hame (home), stane (stone), gae (go)...
/au/ > /u/, e.g. about, house, cow, now... (often spelled oo or u)
/o/ > /a:/, e.g. saut (salt), law, aw (all)...
/ou/ > /a:/, e.g. auld (old), cauld (cold), snaw (snow)...
/æ/ > /a/, e.g. man, lad, sat...
also: pronounce the ch's and gh's that are silent in standard English: nicht, licht, loch...
Plus, the grammar:
Present tense: often, all forms follow the third person singular (they wis, instead of they were).
Past tense (weak verbs): -it after plosives (big > biggit); -t after n, l, r, and all other unvoiced consonants (ken > kent); -ed after vowels and all other voiced consonants (luv > luved).
Past tense (strong verbs): come > cam, gang > gaed and many more.
On the other hand, many verbs that are strong in standard English are weak in Scottish English: sell > sellt, tell > tellt, mak > makkit, see > seed, etc.
Past participle is usually the same as the past (except for many strong verbs, as in standard English)
Present participle: -in (ken > kennin)
The negative of many auxiliary verbs is formed with -na: am > amna, hae (have) > hinna, dae (do) > dinna, can > canna, etc.
Irregular plurals: ee > een (eyes), shae > shuin (shoes), coo > kye (cows).
Common diminutives in -ie: lass > lassie, hoose > hoosie...
Common adjective ending: -lik (= -ish)
Demonstratives come in four pairs (singular/plural): this/thir, that/thae, thon/thon, yon/yon.
Relative pronouns: tha or at.
Interrogative pronouns: hoo, wha, whan, whase, whaur, whatna, whit.
Each or every is ilka; each one is ilk ane.
Numbers: ane, twa, three, fower, five, sax, seeven, aucht, nine, ten, aleeven, twal...
And finally, the many unique words: lass, bairn (child), kirk (church), big (build), bonny, greet (weep), ingle (household fire), aye (yes), hame (home)... As you can see, Scottish English in its original glory is as near to being different language as one can get, rather than simply another dialect of English. See Clive P L Young's Scots Haunbuik at www.electricscotland.com/tourist/sh_gram.htm for more detail.

There are also several urban dialects, particularly in Glasgow and Edinburgh. The thick dialect of the working class of Edinburgh can be heard in the movie Trainspotting.

In the Highlands, especially the Western Islands, English is often people's second language, the first being Scottish Gaelic. Highland English is pronounced in a lilting fashion with pure vowels. It is, actually, one of the prettiest varieties of English I have ever heard.


Ireland

English was imposed upon the Irish, but they have made it their own and have contributed some of our finest literature. Irish English is strongly influenced by Irish Gaelic:
r after vowels is retained
"pure" vowels (/e:/ rather than /ei/, /o:/ rather than /ou/)
/th/ and /dh/ > /t/ and /d/ respectively.
The sentence structure of Irish English often borrows from the Gaelic:
Use of be or do in place of usually:
I do write... (I usually write)
Use of after for the progressive perfect and pluperfect:
I was after getting married (I had just gotten married)
Use of progressive beyond what is possible in standard English:
I was thinking it was in the drawer
Use of the present or past for perfect and pluperfect:
She’s dead these ten years (she has been dead...)
Use of let you be and don’t be as the imperative:
Don’t be troubling yourself
Use of it is and it was at the beginning of a sentence:
it was John has the good looks in the family
Is it marrying her you want?
Substitute and for when or as:
It only struck me and you going out of the door
Substitute the infinitive verb for that or if:
Imagine such a thing to be seen here!
Drop if, that, or whether:
Tell me did you see them
Statements phrased as rhetorical questions:
Isn’t he the fine-looking fellow?
Extra uses of the definite article:
He was sick with the jaundice
Unusual use of prepositions:
Sure there’s no daylight in it at all now
As with the English of the Scottish Highlands, the English of the west coast of Ireland, where Gaelic is still spoken, is lilting, with pure vowels. It, too, is particularly pretty.


Australian English

Australian English is predominantly British English, and especially from the London area. R’s are dropped after vowels, but are often inserted between two words ending and beginning with vowels.

The vowels reflect a strong “Cockney” influence: The long a (/ei/) tends towards a long i (/ai/), so pay sounds like pie to an American ear. The long i (/ai/), in turn, tends towards oi, so cry sounds like croy. Ow sounds like it starts with a short a (/æ/). Other vowels are less dramatically shifted.

Even some rhyming slang has survived into Australlian English: Butcher’s means look (butcher’s hook); hit and miss means piss; loaf means head (loaf of bread); Noah’s ark means shark; Richard the third means turd, and so on.

Like American English has absorbed numerous American Indian words, Australian English has absorbed many Aboriginal words:
billibong -- watering hole
coolabah -- a type of tree
corroboree -- a ceremony
nulla-nulla -- a club
wallaby -- small kangaroo
wombat -- a small marsupial
woomera -- a weapon
wurley -- a simple shelter
...not to mention such ubiquitous words as kangaroo, boomerang, and koala!

Aborigine and colonialist myths blended easily, and there are a number of fearsome creatures. For example, the bunyip lives near bilibongs and eats children. Also living in bilibongs is the mindi, a hairy snake. A yowie is the Australian version of Sasquatch. And the min-min light is their version of a will-o-the-wisp.

Many common words refer to the traditions of the bushman or bushie -- the early explorers and settlers of the outback (wilderness). You can find many of these in Australia’s national song, Waltzing Matilda.
billy -- tin pot for making tea
cooee -- call used in the outback
dingo -- native dog
jackeroo -- young station hand
joey -- young kangaroo
jumbuck -- sheep
matilda -- backpack
never-never -- the far outback
squatter -- rancher
station -- ranch
swagman -- bushman or tramp
tucker -- food
Colorful expressions also abound:
Like a greasespot -- hot and sweaty
Like a stunned mullet -- in a daze
Like a dog’s breakfast -- a mess
Up a gumtree -- in trouble
Mad as a gumtree full of galahs -- insane
Happy as a bastard on Fathers’ Day -- very happy
Dry as a dead dingo’s donger -- very dry indeed
Another characteristic of Australian English is abbreviated words, often ending in -y, -ie, or -o:
aussie -- Australian
chalky -- teacher
chewie -- chewing gum
chockie -- chocoloate
coldie -- a cold beer
cossie -- swimming costume (swimsuit)
footy -- football (Australian rules, of course)
frenchie -- condom
frostie -- a cold beer
garbo -- garbage man
lavvy -- lavatory
lippie -- lipstick
lollies -- sweets
mossie -- mosquito
mushies -- mushrooms
oldies -- one’s parents
rellies -- one’s relatives
sammie -- sandwich
sickie -- sick day
smoko -- cigarette break
sunnies -- sunglasses
And, of course, there are those peculiarly Australian words and expressions, such as g’day (guhdoy to American ears), crikey, fair dinkum, no worries, Oz, Pavlova, and Vegemite!


New Zealand

New Zealand English is heard by Americans as "Ozzie Light." The characteristics of Australian English are there to some degree, but not as intensely. The effect for Americans is uncertainty as to whether the person is from England or Australia. One clue is that New Zealand English sound "flatter" (less modulated) than either Australian or British English and more like western American English.


South Africa

South African English is close to RP but often with a Dutch influence. English as spoken by Afrikaaners is more clearly influenced by Dutch pronunciation. Just like Australian and American English, there are numberous words adopted from the surrounding African languages, especially for native species of animals and plants. As spoken by black South Africans for whom it is not their first language, it often reflects the pronunciation of their Bantu languages, with purer vowels. Listen, for example, to Nelson Mandela or Bishop Tutu.

Alan Millar of South Africa wrote me with some additional information:
i - as in bit is pronounced 'uh'
long /a:/ in words like 'past', 'dance'
t in middle of words pronounced as d's ('pretty' becomes '/pridi:/')
donga - ditch, from Xhosa
dagga - marijuana, from Xhoixhoi (?)
kak - bullshit, from Afrikaans
fundi - expert, from Xhosa and Zulu umfundi (student).
Dialects also varies slightly from east to west: In Natal (in western South Africa), /ai/ is pronounced /a:/, so that why is pronounced /wa:/.

On top of all this, the dialects of the ethnic group referred to in South Africa as "Coloured" (i.e. of mixed racial backgrounds) have a dialect quite distinct from the dialects of "white" South Africans.

Alan also suggests that South African has a "flatter" (less modulated) sound, similar to that of New Zealand as contrasted with Australian English.


Canada

Canadian English is generally similar to northern and western American English. The one outstanding characteristic is called Canadian rising:
/ai/ and /au/ become /œi/ and /œu/, respectively.
Americans can listen to the newscaster Peter Jennings -- one of the best voices on the telly! -- for these sounds.

One unusual characteristic found in much Canadian casual speech is the use of sentence final "eh?" even in declarative sentences.

Most Canadians retain r's after vowels, but in the Maritimes, they drop their r's, just like their New England neighbors to the south.

Newfoundland has a very different dialect, called Newfie, that seems to be strongly influenced by Irish immigrants:
/th/ and /dh/ > /t/ and /d/ respectively.
am, is, are > be's
I like, we like, etc. > I likes, we likes, etc.


American English

American English derives from 17th century British English. Virginia and Massachusetts, the “original” colonies, were settled mostly by people from the south of England, especially London. The mid Atlantic area -- Pennsylvania in particular -- was settled by people from the north and west of England and by the Scots-Irish (descendents of Scottish people who settled in Northern Ireland). These sources resulted in three dialect areas -- northern, southern, and midland. Over time, further dialects would develop.

The Boston area and the Richmond and Charleston areas maintained strong commercial -- and cultural -- ties to England, and looked to London for guidance as to what was “class” and what was not. So, as the London dialect of the upper classes changed, so did the dialects of the upper class Americans in these areas. For example, in the late 1700’s and early 1800’s, r-dropping spread from London to much of southern England, and to places like Boston and Virginia. New Yorkers, who looked to Boston for the latest fashion trends, adopted it early, and in the south, it spread to wherever the plantation system was. On the other hand, in Pennsylvania, the Scots-Irish, and the Germans as well, kept their heavy r’s.

On the other hand, vocabulary in America was much more open to change than back in the old country. From the Indians, we got the names for many North American animals and plants, and thousands of place names. Here is a partial list (from an exhaustive list compiled by Mark Rosenfelder (www.zompist.com/indianwd.html):
abalone -- Costanoan aulun
bayou -- Choctaw bayuk
caribou -- Algonquian
caucus -- Algonquian caucauasu 'counselor'
chipmunk -- Algonquian chitmunk
hickory -- Algonquian pawcohiccora
high muckamuck -- Chinook hiu muckamuck
hogan -- Navajo hogan
hominy -- Algonquian
how [greeting] -- Dakota háo, Omaha hau
moccasin -- Natick mohkussin
moose -- Natick moos
mugwump -- Natick mugquomp 'captain'
muskrat -- Natick musquash + 'rat'
opossum -- Powhatan aposoum
papoose -- Algonquian papoos
pecan -- Algonquian paccan
persimmon -- Cree pasiminan 'dried fruit'
potlatch -- Nootka patshatl
powwow -- Algonquian
raccoon -- Algonquian arathkone
sachem -- Narraganset sâchim
sasquatch -- Halkomelem sesqec
skunk -- Massachuset squnck
sockeye [salmon] -- Salish sukkegh, or Northern Straits Salish seqey'
squash -- Massachuset asko:o:tasquash
squaw -- Massachuset squa
succotash -- Narraganset msíckquatash
tepee -- Dakota thipi
terrapin -- Algonquian *toolepeiwa
toboggan -- Micmac toba:kan
tomahawk -- Algonquian tamahaac
totem -- Ojibwa ninto:te:m
wampum -- Algonquian wampumpeage
wapiti -- Shawnee wapiti 'white rump'
wickiup -- Fox wikiyapi
wigwam -- Abnaki wikewam
woodchuck -- Algonquian otchek
The slave trade brought many new words from the Caribbean:
barbecue -- Carib barbricot
caiman -- Carib acayuman
canoe -- Caribbean
cassava -- Taino caçábi
chigger -- Cariban chigo
guava -- Caribbean
hammock -- Taino
hurricane -- Carib huracan 'his one leg'
iguana -- Arawak iwana
maize -- Carib mahiz
mangrove -- Taino mangle
papaya -- Carib
pawpaw -- Carib (same source as papaya)
potato -- Taino batata
savannah -- Taino zabana
tobacco -- Arawak tzibatl
From the Indians of Mexico, we adopted many other words, some through Spanish and others directly:
avocado -- Nahuatl ahuacatl
chile, chili -- Nahuatl chilli
chocolate -- Aztec xocolatl
cigar -- Maya sik'ar 'smoke'
cocoa, cacao -- Nahuatl cacahuatl
coyote -- Nahuatl cóyotl
guacamole -- Nahuatl ahuaca-molli 'avocado sauce'
mescal -- Nahuatl mexcalli
mesquite -- Nahuatl mizquitl
mole -- Nahuatl -molli 'sauce'
ocelot -- Nahuatl ocelotl
peyote -- Nahuatl peyotl
shack -- Nahuatl xacalli 'thatched cabin'
shark -- Maya xoc
tamale -- Nahuatl tamalli
tomato -- Nahuatl tomatl
From slaves, we got another set of words, all the way from Africa:
goober -- Bantu -guba
gumbo -- Bantu -gombo 'okra'
okra -- Ashante nkru
yam -- Fulani nyami 'to eat'
Speaking of slaves, southern speech in particular was influenced by slave speech habits, which in turn were based in part on original African languages and in part on the creoles which spread from the African coast and the West Indies. When southerners say “I done lost it,” they are using a slave creole construction.

More willing immigrants added to other dialects. The Germans and the Irish had a huge impact on the colonies and early states. The dialects of central Pennsylvania, Minnesota, and the Dakotas were strongly influenced by the Germans, while the city dialects of the north were influenced by the Irish.

New York City became the door to the United States in the 1800’s, and we see the impact of other immigrants, such as Jews and Italians: words such as spaghetti, pasta, pizza, nosh, schlemiel, yenta; expressions such as wattsamatta and I should live so long. The absence of the th sounds in the original Dutch of NYC, as well as in Italian and Yiddish and the English dialect of the Irish, led to the distinctive dese and dose of New York -- only now starting to diminish.

There is also a western dialect, which developed in the late 1800’s. It is literally a blend of all the dialects, although it is most influenced by the northern midland dialect. Although there are certainly differences between the dialects of, say, Seattle, San Francisco, Phoenix, and Denver, they are far less distinct than, for example, the differences between Philadelphia and Pittsburgh!

Out west, there were also the influences of non-English speaking people, notably the original Spanish speaking populations and the immigrant Chinese (mostly Cantonese). Although they did not influence pronunciation or syntax, they provided a huge number of words. In the domain of food alone, we find tacos, tamales, frijoles, and burritos, chow mein, lo mein, fu yung, and chop suey. Many words from Mexico were actually already adopted from Mexican Indian languages: tomato and coyote spring to mind.



The dialects of the United States (with approximate areas):
Northern
Northern New England (Maine and New Hampshire)
Boston area (eastern Massachussets, Rhode Island)
Northeastern (Connecticut, western Massachusetts, Vermont, upstate New York, lower Michigan, northern Illinois)
New York City area (including most of Long Island and northern New Jersey)
North central (upper Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, the Dakotas)
Northern midland
Philadelphia area (inc. eastern Pennsylvania, southern New Jersey, Delaware, and the Baltimore area)
Pittsburgh area (western Pennsylvania)
Ohio-Plains (Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, Nebraska, Kansas...)
Southern midland
Appalachia (western Virginia, West Virginia, eastern Kentucky, eastern Tennessee)
Arkansas-Oklahoma
Southern
Virginia (eastern)
North Carolina (eastern)
South Carolina
Georgia-Florida
Mississippi-Gulf (including Alabama, Louisiana, eastern Texas, western Tennessee, western Kentucky)
West Texas
Western (Montana, Wyoming, Idaho, Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, California)
Southern and south midland:
"drawl" [lengthening, fronting, and raising vowels]
/ai/ > /æ:/ in find, mind
/oi/ > /o/ in boil, oil
/u:/ > /yu:/ in due, tuesday
au/ > /æu/ in out, doubt
/e/ > /ei/ in bed, head
/e/ > /i/ in pen, ten
greasy > greazy
carry > tote
dragged > drug
you > you all, y’all
Southern:
help, bulb, wolf > /hep/, /bœb/, /wuf/
Southern vs south midland:
drop r’s -- strong, sometimes retroflex, r’s
wash: /wa:sh/ -- /wosh/, /worsh/
think: /thingk/ -- /theingk/
egg: /eg/ -- /eig/
moon: /mu:n/ -- /mü:n/
snake doctor -- snake feeder
snap beans -- green beans
goobers -- peanuts
Northern vs north midland:
fog, hog: /fag/, /hag/ -- /fog/, /hog/
roof: /ruf/, /huf/ -- /ru:f/, /hu:f/
cow, house: /kau/, /haus/ -- /kæu/, /hæus/
wash: /wa:sh/ -- /wosh/, /worsh/
darning needle -- snake feeder
pail -- bucket
teeter-totter -- see-saw
fire-fly -- lightning-bug
Eastern New England, Boston area, NYC area
drop r’s
insert transitional r’s, as in law’r’n awdah
Eastern New England, Boston area, Virginia area
/æ/ frequently becomes /a/, e.g. in aunt, dance, glass
Mary-marry-merry (/eir/-/ær/-/er/) distinctions preserved only in r-less areas, rapidly disappearing from American speech
NYC and north midland, and spreading rapidly
loss of voiceless w: which > /wic/
loss of voiceless y: human > /yum'n/
A simplified way of differentiating the dialects is based on the words for two American favorites: the submarine sandwich and the soft drink:

Submarine sandwich
New York: hero
Philadelphia: hoagy
Boston: grinder
Southern: poor-boy
Soft drink
Boston: tonic
Northern and North Midland, east of the Susquehanna: soda
Northern and North Midland, west of the Susquehanna: pop
South and South Midland: cold drink
(not to mention soda pop and soda water, and even coke in Rhode Island!)

The old cities of the eastern US each have their own peculiarities. New York is famous for its addition of central off-glides: pier becomes /pi:'/, pair becomes /pe'/, poor becomes /po'/. The aw (/o/) sound is raised and has a central off-glide as well: ball and coffee approach /bu'l/ and /cu'fi:/! And her becomes /hö'/!

I live in south-central Pennsylvania, which is a great location for hearing various eastern accents. There are actually five in Pennsylvania: In the northern tier, near upstate New York, the accent is Northern. In Pittsburgh and the surrounding area they say /stil/ and /mil/ instead of steel and meal. In the south, near West Virginia, you hear Appalachian, and people still say you’uns and refer to their grandparents as Mammaw and Pappy!. And, in the center of the state is what is called the Susquehanna accent, which is a variation on the Philadelphia area dialect, with a lot of German and Scots-Irish influences. And we can't forget the Philadelphia accent itself:
/i/ often becomes /i:/, as in attitude and gratitude
/i:g/ > /ig/, as in the Philadelphia Eagles, pronounced /ig'lz/
/eig/ > /eg/, so plague is prnounced /pleg/
/u:r/ > /or/, so sure sounds the same as shore
/aul/ > /al/, e.g. owl
/aur/ > /ar/, so our sounds like are
mayor > /meir/
/æ/ > /iæ/, so Ann sounds like Ian
very and ferry become /vœri:/ and /fœri:/
/st/ > /sht/ at the beginning of words, so street is /shtri:t/
l is always "dark," that is, pronounced in the back of the throat
(See Phillyspeak, by Jim Quinn, at www.citypaper.net/articles/081497/article008.sh... for more.)

In the Lancaster area (part of the Susquehanna dialect), the Pennsylvania German influence is obvious in some of the words and sentence structure: We red up the room, outen the light, and throw the cow over the fence some hay. We say that the peanut butter is all, the road is slippy, and I read that wunst (once). A slide is a sliding board, sneakers are all Keds, vacuum cleaners are sweepers, little pieces are snibbles, and if you are looking a bit disheveled, you are furhuddled. And at any local restaurant, they will ask you: Can I get you coffee awhile?

Dialects typically vary in their status. In the colonial and revolutionary times, a Boston, New York, or Virginia accent marked you as a gentleman or lady. In the early part of the 1900’s, the accent of suburban New York was tops: Listen to the recordings of Franklin Delano Roosevelt, for example. Unlike "General American" (the radio and television reporter’s accent), FDR dropped his r’s and drawled his vowels luxuriously.

General American is a rather innocuous blend of Northern and Northern Midland dialect, with none of the peculiar words or pronounciations of any particular area. Today, the Western dialect has established itself, via the entertainment industry, as equal. Even Southern and Southern Midland English, long scorned by Northerners, have reestablished their status, especially after the presidencies of Jimmy Carter and Bill Clinton.

Two dialects are still seen as being substandard by many Americans: Appalachian and Black English. Unlike other dialects, they have considerable grammatical differences that make them sound to the mainstream as simply horrible English.

In Appalachia, for example, they say us’ns and you’ns. Both Appalachian dialect and Black English speakers often double negatives (he ain’t got none), double comparatives and superlatives (more bigger, most biggest, gooder, bestest), over-regularize the past tense (stoled or stealed), and over-regularize plurals (mouses, sheeps, childrens).

Although the prejudice against people from Appalachia is real enough, the long tradition of prejudice against black Americans has been very difficult to eliminate, and that includes the disrespect accorded Black English. Despite some attempts to consider it another language (the Ebonics movement), it is in fact a variation on the Southern dialect, with input from Gullah and other slave creoles, plus the constant creation of slang, especially in northern urban areas ("the Ghetto").

webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/dialectsofenglish.html

___________________

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiberno-English

@темы: #полезное

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19.04.2011 в 11:15

Пишет  Peony:

Не всё коту масленица А ИНОГДА И ПАСХА НОВЫЙ ГОД ДЕНЬ ШАХТЁРА ВСЯКИЕ ПРАЗДНИКИ РАЗНЫЕ НЕ НАДОЕДАЮТ И НА КАЖДЫЙ ДЕНЬ КУШАНЬЯ ВСЯКИЕ ПОГЛАДЯТ ПОЧЕШУТ ПРИЛАСКАЮТ КОТ МУРЛЫЧЕТ ВСЕ УМИЛЯЮТСЯ ВИДНО ЛЮБЯТ КОТИКА НИЧЕГО ДЛЯ НЕГО НЕ ЖАЛКО

30.03.2011 в 12:19

Пишет  Графиня Барбосса:

Утащено у Шикича, автор неизвестен
ДОБРОТА!!!!11111

В тихом омуте черти ИГРАЮТ В ШАХМАТЫ ОБСУЖДАЮТ КАНТА ВСЁ ПРИБРАНО НИКАКОГО АЛКОГОЛЯ ТИХО ИГРАЕТ КРИСТИНА АГИЛЕРА БУДТО В РАЙ ПОПАЛ

Шла Саша по шоссе и ХОРОШО ЕЙ БЫЛО ВЕДЬ ЭКЗАМЕНЫ СДАНЫ ПОСТУПИЛА В ПРЕСТИЖНЫЙ ВУЗ МОЛОДОЙ ЧЕЛОВЕК ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЕ СДЕЛАЛ ВЕСНА ЛЮБОВЬ БУКЕТ РОЗ

Идет медведь по лесу, видит — машина горит, сел НА ПЕНЕК ПОЗВОНИЛ ПОЖАРНЫМ ТЕ ПРИЕХАЛИ И ПОТУШИЛИ НИКТО НЕ ПОСТРАДАЛ ПОТОМ МЕДВЕДЮ ДАЛИ ГРАМОТУ СЧАСТЬЕ РАДОСТЬ КОВРОВАЯ ДОРОЖКА САЛЮТ ВЫХОДНОЙ ДЕНЬ ДЕТИ ИЗЛЕЧИВАЮТСЯ ОТ КОРИ А МЕДВЕДЯ В ЦИРК ВЗЯЛИ НА КОНФЕРАНС И ВСЕ СЧАСТЛИВЫ.

Любопытной Варваре на за базаре ПРОВЕЛИ ЭКСКУРСИЮ ПЛЮШЕК С ПЫЛУ С ЖАРУ НАСОВАЛИ В ПОДОЛ КУЗНЕЦ МОЛОДОЙ ПОДКОВА НА СЧАСТЬЕ СОЛНЦЕ СВЕТИТ ГОМОН ЗАМЕЧАТЕЛЬНЫХ ЛЮДЕЙ ЛАСКАЕТ СЛУХ

Слезами делу КАКАЯ НИКАКАЯ А ПОДМОГА ГЛЯДИШЬ КТО ВОЙДЁТ В ПОЛОЖЕНИЕ ПРИЛЕТИТ В ВЕРТОЛЁТЕ БЕСПЛАТНО ПОКАЖЕТ КИНО ЭСКИМО ПОДАРИТ ДАЧУ СИДИШЬ ПОД СОСНАМИ ЖИЗНЬ УДАЛАСЬ НЕ ЗРЯ ПОПЛАКАЛ

Тридцать три корабля лавировали, лавировали, да и КРАСАВЦЫ–ТО КАКИЕ ВЫ ТОЛЬКО ПОСМОТРИТЕ МАНЕВРИРУЮТ КАК БОГИ ЛИЧНЫЙ СОСТАВ С ИГОЛОЧКИ КАПИТАНЫ УЛЫБАЮТСЯ ФУРАЖКИ БЛЕСТЯТ САЛЮТ ФЕЙЕРВЕРК ТОРЖЕСТВО–ТО КАКОЕ

Семеро одного ЖДУТ, БЕСПОКОЯТСЯ, ПЕРЕЖИВАЮТ, А ПО ЕГО ПРИШЕСТВИИ ПОДБАДРИВАЮТ, УСПОКАИВАЮТ

Бог дал, бог и НАВАЛИЛ СВЕРХУ ЕЩЁ ДОБРА С ПОДЛИВОЙ НА МУЖИК НИ В ЧЁМ НЕ НУЖДАЙСЯ ПУСТЬ ДЕТИ ТВОИ УЧАТСЯ В КЕМБРИДЖЕ А У ЖЕНЫ СИСЬКИ ОТРАСТУТ ТОЛЬКО НЕ ПЕРЕЖИВАЙ

Еду я по выбоине, а из выбоины СМОТРИТ НА МЕНЯ ИЗ ОТРАЖЕНИЯ ЛИЦО УСТАВШЕЕ ДОВОЛЬНОЕ МОЕ РАБОТУ СДЕЛАЛ Я И ЕДУ Я ДОМОЙ

Заставь дурака богу молится, он ПОЖЕРТВУЕТ МИЛЛИОН В ФОНД БОЛЬНЫХ РАКОМ СИРОТ ГАРМОНИЯ И ПРОЦВЕТАНИЕ КРАСНЕТЬ ОТ ПОЦЕЛУЕВ ВЕЧНЫЕ ЦЕННОСТИ ВЕТЕРАНЫ МИР ДА ПОКОЙ ПИНГВИНЕНОК ЛОЛО

Я буду долго гнать ВЕЛОСИПЕД В ГЛУХИХ ЛУГАХ ЕГО ОСТАНОВЛЮ НАРВУ ЦВЕТОВ И ПОДАРЮ БУКЕТ ТОЙ ДЕВУШКЕ КОТОРУЮ ЛЮБЛЮ ДИКО ВРАЩАЯ ГЛАЗАМИ

По танку вдарила болванка ДА И ПОХУЮ БРОНЯ ВЫДЕРЖАЛА ПРОРЫВАЕМ ЛИНИЮ ОБОРОНЫ ЗАДАНИЕ ВЫПОЛНЕНО ДАЛИ ГЕРОЯ И ОТПУСК НА НЕДЕЛЮ ОБНЯЛ МАТЬ И ОТЦА МОЛОДАЯ НАКОНЕЦ–ТО УЗНАЛА КАКОЙ У ПАРНЯ БЫЛ КОНЕЦ

Сколько волка не корми, у слона МИР ДОБРО СЧАСТЬЕ ДЕТИ ПОДАРИЛИ МАМЕ ЦВЕТЫ ЛЕДЯНЫЕ УЗОРЫ НА ОКНЕ ДЕТСТВО РАДОСТЬ ДЕД МОРОЗ СУЩЕСТВУЕТ МИР

и комментов

Пишет  Непальская домохозяйка:

30.03.2011 в 14:04

Утро добрым ЕЩЕ КАК БЫВАЕТ ВСТАЛ С УТРА ПОЧИТАЛ БАРБОССУ ЗАЛИВИСТЫЙ СМЕХ АЙ МОЛОДЦА ДЕНЬ СДЕЛАН РАБОТА НЕ ВОЛК ПЕРЕПОЩУ К СЕБЕ И ВЕРНУСЬ В ПОСТЕЛЬ ТАМ ЖЕНА С УТРА ВСТАЛ

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Пишет  охуевший кусок мяса:

30.03.2011 в 15:37

Один в поле не ОХУЕННО РЕШАЕТ ЗАДАЧИ ЕБАШИТ ФИЗМАТ ТОЛЬКО ТАК МАТЬ ЕГО ОБОЖАЕТ ДЕВУШКА ДАЁТ КАЖДЫЙ ДЕНЬ ОН ОЧЕНЬ УМНЫЙ И С ПЕРВОГО РАЗА КЬЕРКЕГОРА ПРОЧИТАЛ И ПОНЯЛ ПОЁТ КАК СОЛИСТ БРЭНДНЬЮ.

Прастите, мимо шол.

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Пишет  охуевший кусок мяса:

30.03.2011 в 15:59

Прастите, я вам тут ещё насру.

Чем дальше в лес ТЕМ СВЕТЛЕЕ ЧИЩЕ ДОБРЕЕ ЛЕНИН ГЛЯДИТ НА ТЕБЯ ЛАСКОВО ВСЕ ПОЮТ И ТАНЦУЮТ КУРТ КОБЕЙН ИГРАЕТ НА СВИРЕЛИ

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Пишет  Графиня Барбосса:

30.03.2011 в 16:20

Из-за дурной головы И ЖИВЁТСЯ ОХУЕННО И СНЕГ ВКУСНЫЙ

нада тоже попробовать )

Баба с возу УПАЛА УДАЧНА АЛИГАРХ НАШЕЛ ПОДАРИЛ НЕФТЬ ЧЕЛСИ ДОМ НА ЛАЗУРНОМ БЕРЕГУ ЛЮБОВЬ ОТКАТЫ БАСКОВ ТАМАДА НА СВАДЬБЕ У ВСЕХ СИЛИКОН А У НЕЁ СВОИ ЧУВАК С ВОЗА ЛОКТИ КУСАЕТ ТАК ЕМУ И НАДО КОЗЛУ

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Пишет  контора пишет:

30.03.2011 в 16:27

Повернись ко мне передом а к лесу НЕ ПОВОРАЧИВАЙСЯ ВООБЩЕ ВОЙНА КРОВЬ КИШКИ ЛУЧИ ДОБРА И СВЕТА

я случайно

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Пишет  Графиня Барбосса:

30.03.2011 в 16:36

ты сегодня мне принес не букет из алых роз, А ВСЕ СЕЗОНЫ ЛОСТИКА В ХД ФЛЕШКУ ХЕЛЛОУ КИТТИ АВТОГРАФ МАЛЕЖИКА МАНГУ ПО СТИВЕНУ КИНГУ ОТПУСК ОСВОБОЖДЕНИЕ ОТ ФИНАНСОВОЙ ДЕПРЕССИИ ПОРАДЧНУЮ КАРТУ К НЕВРОПАТОЛОГУ НОВЫЙ ПРОЦ МОЛЕСКИНЧИК ИНФАЙТ НА ЛЕПРУ КАКОЙ ТЫ У МЕНЯ ХОРОШИЙ ЛЮБЛЮ ТЕБЯ КАК ДРУГА НО НЕ ГОТОВА К СЕРЬЁЗНЫМ ОТНОШЕНИЯМ

извините, я проста галлерею ТП-адвайсов нашла ))))))))))))))))))

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Пишет  Графиня Барбосса:

30.03.2011 в 16:51

о насущном

а я иду шагаю А ЧО БЫ НЕТ ЮНИВЕРСАЛ ХОЧЕТ КУПИТЬ ПРАВА НА МОИ ФИКИ СНЕЙП ОЖИЛ НА АЧ ТОЛЬКО ХВАЛЯТ ОТКРЫЛА АНОНИМНЫЕ КАМЕНТЫ И НЕ БОЮСЬ НА СЛЭШКОН С БУХЛОМ БЕТА ВСЕГДА СВОБОДНА ОЧЕРЕДЬ АРТЕРОВ НА ФОТКАХ С ОФФА КРУТО ПОЛУЧИЛАСЬ СЛЭШ-АВОРД МИША КОЛИНЗ ЗАФРЕНДИЛ В ТВИТТЕРЕ СЛАВА ФАНФАРЫ А НЕТ ЭТО БУДИЛЬНИК

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Пишет  Вонг:

30.03.2011 в 16:56

Графиня Барбосса
ахахахахахахахаха

насущное, говорите?

хорошо смеется тот кто смеется НА РАБОТЕ ГОЛОВОЙ ОБ СТОЛ СТУЧИТ В СЧАСТЬЕ ШЕФ УМИЛЯЕТСЯ ПРЕМИЯ ПОВЫШЕНИЕ ОПЛАЧИВАЕМЫЙ ОТПУСК ДО КОНЦА ЖИЗНИ

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Пишет  Графиня Барбосса:

30.03.2011 в 17:05

Вонг



солнце красит нежным светом А МНЕ ПОФИГУ НА РАБОТУ ТЕПЕРЬ К ЧАСУ ДВА РАЗА В НЕДЕЛЮ ВСЕ ЗАИСКИВАЮЩЕ СМОТРЯТ НА ПРАВА С ПЕРВОГО РАЗА ВДРУГ ВСПОМНИЛА ВСЕ ЧЕМУ УЧИЛИ В УНИВЕРЕ ЗУБНОЙ СКАЗАЛ НИ ОДНОЙ ДЫРКИ У ПЕЛЕВИНА НОВАЯ КНИЖКА КАЖДУЮ НЕДЕЛЮ НОВЫЕ АЛЬБОМЫ ЛЮБИМЫХ ГРУПП ЛУЧШЕ СТАРЫХ В ОТПУСК НА БАЛИ НА ВСЕ ЛЕТО БУДИЛЬНИК ВЫКИНУЛА В ОКНО МОБИЛЬНИК ЗВОНИТ ТОЛЬКО КОГДА МНЕ УДОБНО ПРИХОДЯЩАЯ ДОМРАБОТНИЦА И КОСТЮМЧИК СИДИТ

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Пишет  Хильнарик:

31.03.2011 в 00:59

Блин, такое надо каждый день по три штуки генерировать, чтоб прям жизнь медом казалась.

Опять обожралась сладкого на фоне депрессии А ОНО В СИСЬКИ УШЛО ОТРОСЛИ ДО ЧЕТВЕРТОГО РАЗМЕРА ВСЕ АХРЕНЕЛИ СДЕЛАЛИ МЕНЯ ПРЕЗИДЕНТОМ МИРА БРИТАНСКИЕ УЧЕНЫЕ ВДОХНОВИЛИСЬ ИЗОБРЕЛИ НЕКАЛОРИЙНЫЙ ШОКОЛАД ЖИЗНЬ ПРОДЛЕВАЕТ ЗУБЫ ЛЕЧИТ ВСЕ ЖРУТ РАДУЮТСЯ МИР ЛЮБОВЬ ТЕЛЕПУЗИКИ

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21.04.2011 в 13:00

Пишет  Diary best:

Конкурс на лучшую запись месяца!

Пишет  Yulita_Ran:

I l L
Я люблю Англию. Впрочем, вы это уже знаете. Также вы наверняка уже знаете о том, что в этом дневнике нет постов о том, чего я не люблю и чем не интересуюсь (хотя, наверное, их стоит как-нибудь завести! разнообразия ради). Но речь сейчас не об этом, а совсем о другом - о Лондоне, городе, который невероятно прекрасен, волшебен и великолепен, особенно если снимать его с высоты птичьего вертолетного полета, как сделал это фотограф Jason Hawkes, который на протяжении вот уже двадцати лет наблюдает эти божественные виды и щедро делится ими со всеми остальными людьми во Вселенной. Что сказать еще? С тех пор как я увидела эти снимки, одной мечтой у меня стало больше - теперь я не просто хочу побывать в Лондоне, я хочу увидеть его именно так - ночью и с высоты. Когда этот миг настанет, я не забуду поблагодарить мироздание за это))))))))))))))

смотреть дальше

Не свое | Не Бест? Пришли лучше!

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10.07.2011 в 20:00

Пишет  mad Monday:

ОБОГЕБОГЕБОГЕБОГЕБОГЕБОГЕ

ООООООООООООООООООООООООООООООООООООООООООООООООООООООООООООООООООООО

ААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААААМВАХАХАХАХАХАХАХАААААААХАХАХАХАХАХАХАХА

ДЖИГУ-ДРЫГУ Я ПЛЯШУ

АЛАЛАЛАЛАЛАЛАЛАЛА ООООООООООООООООООООООООООО

Пишет  mad Monday:

11.07.2011 в 12:47

я тут значит готовлюсь к шерлок-лотерее.
ищу.
и ВНЕЗАПНО нахожу огромные нцовые залежи майкрофт/джона и даблджея
вот меня плющит и тащит)

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@темы: #фанфикшен, #веселуха